The Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education (JCIHE) is the official journal of the Comparative and International Education Society's (CIES) Higher Education Special Interest Group (HESIG). HESIG supports development, analysis, and dissemination of theory-, policy-, and practice-related issues that influence higher education. Accordingly, JCIHE (Print ISSN 2151-0393 & Online ISSN 2151-0407) publishes work from the complementary fields of comparative, international, and development education addressing these issues. https://www.ojed.org/index.php/jcihe/issue/view/63/63

The second edition contains new sections focused on issues of race and racialisation, treatment of people seeking asylum in both national contexts, and international efforts to respond to issues with refugee access to higher education, including international educational complementary pathways, and national sanctuary movements.

This comprehensive guide captures important trends in international relations (IR) pedagogy, paying particular attention to innovations in active learning and student engagement for the contemporary International Relations IR classroom.

This book is a review of recent artificial intelligence approaches, initiatives and applications in engineering and science fields. It features contributions that highlight the use of techniques such as machine learning, mining engineering, modeling and simulation, and fuzzy logic methods in the fields of communication, networking and information engineering. The collection of chapters should inspire scholars involved in theoretical and applied sciences to contribute to research using computational intelligence principles and methods in their respective research communities. Professionals working on systems engineering, communications, innovative computing systems and adaptive technologies for sustainable growth, will also be able to benefit from the information provided in the book.

These proceedings represent the work of contributors to the 17th International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management & Organisational Learning (ICICKM 2020), hosted by ACI and the University of Toronto, Canada on 15-16 October 2020. The Conference Chairs are Dr. Anthony Wensley, from the University of Toronto and Dr. Max Evans, from McGill University. The Programme Chair is Dr. Ilja Frissen from McGill University.

This year’s edition brings together research and essays on comparative education trends and directions written by professional and scholarly leaders in the field. Topics covered include theoretical and methodological developments, reports on research-to-practice, area studies and the diversification of comparative and international education.

Our 10th Anniversary series features special essays from influential voices in the field who explore future directions for internationalization and student mobility, as well as the experiences of new generations of international students in less researched contexts and the need for more critical perspectives. Our 10th anniversary cover art celebrates the past ten years with an image of the Holi Festival of Colors celebrated around the world, including Nepal, the birthplace of our Founding & Executive Editor, Dr. Krishna Bista. The image is overlaid with the name of the journal in various languages to celebrate our authors and readers who span the globe, as well as our plans to publish future special issues in the many languages of our readers, similar to our recent Special Issue on International Students in China with full-length articles in Simplified Chinese. This issue features research and authors in Australia, Austria, Brazil, China, Lebanon, Malaysia, the Philippines, Portugal, and South Africa.

The research finds the majority of the higher education student financial aid programs are managed by the states or private agencies or foundations in the world. Their financial aid policies are continuously changing and improving to adopt contemporary situations and changing time. Likewise, the GB higher education student loan policy improvement can be done by continously reviewing the system, which is necessary for GB to strengthen its higher education student loan program in Bangladesh.

Zhang analyses the phenomenon of private supplementary tutoring from a global perspective. The expansion of such tutoring alongside schooling is among the striking global shifts since the turn of the century. In many countries over half of the relevant cohorts of children receive private tutoring, with that proportion in some locations exceeding 80%. The sector has far-reaching implications for social inequalities, (in)efficiencies in educational processes, study burdens on students, family finances, innovation, and employment. Yet greatly-needed government regulations have typically been slow to catch up with the phenomenon. Commentary in the volume juxtaposes countries with strong regulations with counterparts having weak regulations. Conceptually, the book considers forces changing the roles of multiple stakeholders, including governments, entrepreneurs, teachers, families and students. A useful read for students and researchers interested in comparative education and governance. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.