David Birnbaum’s God and Evil is a major philosophical study which systematically confronts the philosophical problem of evil, and the Holocaust in particular. It presents an extensively researched and comprehensive review of the subject. In a clearly presented and readable exposition, Birnbaum then proposes an original and powerful formulation. Combining modern and classic, rationalist and mystic themes, Birnbaum’s proposed solution to the ancient problem of evil is perhaps the most elegant to appear in modern times. Anchored biblically and philosophically, Birnbaum’s formulation proposes that two paths lie before humankind: the path of dependence on God, which while leading to ultimate bliss, is humanly unsatisfying and unfulfilling. And the second path, that of maximum potential, in which the individual achieves fuller freedom and responsibility; a path fraught with peril, although ultimately more potentializing. According to Birnbaum’s paradigm, Quest for Potential∞ drives Man and god and the Cosmos. Potential is the nexus. God and Potential is juxtaposed against Man of Autonomy, Freedom and Potential. Through proceeding from a Jewish context, Birnbaum’s compelling presentation and original synthesis will be of considerable value to adherents of all Western religious. God and Evil has been acclaimed by philosophers and theologians of all faiths. This philosophically exciting work has generated very considerable attention. It has been widely reviewed, has been selected as a Main Feature Selection of The Jewish Book Club, has already been assigned as a course text at major universities around the world, and has been critically acclaimed as “the best book in print on the subject.” God and Evil: Religious Man (1988) is the first of three books in Birnbaum’s landmark three-volume Summa Metaphysica series crafted over a twenty-six year period. In Book #1 of the series, Birnbaum introduces the concepts of Quest for Potential∞ (Q4P∞) , as well as God of Potential. In Book #2 God and Good: Spiritual Man (2005) Birnbaum scuplts the concepts of Cosmic Womb of Potential as well as the concept of Infinite Divine Extraordinariation (E+). The concept Potential∞ Point is also in-the-mix. In Book #3 The Transcendent Dynamic: Secular Man (2014) Birnbaum introduce the concept of Complexification (C+). The Summa series reshapes the contours of metaphysics, philosophy, and theology.

Summa Metaphysica proposes a comprehensive and integrated metaphysical structure – a new paradigm. Summa I: God and Evil: Religious Man (published 1988) and Summa II: God and Good: Spiritual Man (first launched 2005 online) comprise Birnbaum’s Summa Metaphysica series. The author has proposed that one fundamental concept – and one fundamental concept alone – Quest for Potential∞ (recursive to the infinite power) – ignited – and drives – the cosmos – and the integral infinite divine. Building upon his 1988 treatise, in Summa II: God and Good: Spiritual Man (17 years later) the author lays out his overarching metaphysical structure in very significantly greater scope, depth, breadth and texture. Summa III: The Transcendent Dynamic: Secular Man offers a metaphysics for ‘Everyman’ – de-linked from any spirituality or religious aspects. It might best be classified as ‘scientific metaphysics’. It Is anchored In a creative finesse of science and logic. Birnbaum’s paradigm is non–linear, as opposed to the linearity of the great bulk of Western philosophy. It is non– circular, as opposed to the circularity of much of Eastern philosophy. Rather, Birnbaum’s paradigm is what the author refers to as a “spiral/reflexive” dynamic (elucidated in the text). The author proposes that this Quest for Potential∞ paradigm more elegantly explains the dynamics of the cosmos – and of life, in particular – than alternate propositions. According to Birnbaum, only the full plethora of potentials – and the quest thereof – could have ignited the cosmos. The combined potentials for love, life, intellectuality, spirituality and, indeed, for an infinitely Perfect Divine, ignited, birthed, nurtured, and projected the cosmos onward on its quest towards infinity. ‘Extraordinariation,’ according to the author, is the overarching goal. Thomas Aquinas wrote Summa Theologica c. 1273 within a Christian context. The Summa Metaphysica series, proposing an original, dynamic, overarching, and integrated metaphysics, is crafted within a Jewish context seven hundred years later.

In a wide-ranging analysis of the drama of history, the importance of ethnicity, and Jewish identity, these essays explore areas of political and cultural disciplines fused with elegance in the work of the late eminent sociologist Werner J. Cahnman. The prominence of the American and European historians, philosophers, geographers, sociologists, and anthropologists in this volume represents evidence of the wide effect that Cahnman's work had on scholars in a number of fields in academic work. This volume will make timely and rewarding reading for social scientists and historians, especially those concerned with the religious factor. Contributors: Joseph B. Maier, Chaim I. Waxman, Louis Dumont, Karl Bosl, K.M. Bolte, Edmund Leites, Lewis S. Feuer, Lester Singer, Harriet D. Lyons, Andrew P. Lyons, Alvin Boskoff, Nathan Glazer, Irving Louis Horowitz, Herbert A. Strauss, William Spinrad, Calvin Goldscheider, Saul B. Cohen, and Emmanuel Maier.

Lewis S. Feuer shows that the gestation of the hypotheses of original-minded scientists, such as Darwin, Einstein, or Bohr, is in large part a subconscious process. Scientists try to project upon the world structural laws that, beside fitting the given physical realities, will also realize their own emotional longings among alternative worldviews. Repeatedly, too, in examining the standpoints of philosophical figures ranging from Spinoza, Descartes, Kant, and Mill to contemporary figures such as Einstein, Lovejoy, and Hook, Feuer illumines how sociological antipathies project themselves into scientific divergences. Feuer delves into the bearing of emotive beliefs such as pacifism, socialism, anti-Semitism, upon the formation of concurrent worldviews, often fixations of scientific belief, held with the same passion in science as in religion.

The Story of Civilization, Volume VI: A history of European civilization from Wyclif to Calvin: 1300–1564. This is the sixth volume of the classic, Pulitzer Prize–winning series. An engrossing volume on the European Reformation by Pulitzer Prize–winning historian Will Durant The sixth volume of Durant’s acclaimed Story of Civilization, The Reformation chronicles the history of European civilization from 1300 to 1564. In this masterful work, you will encounter: -The schism within the Roman Catholic Church and the formation of early Protestantism -The theology of Martin Luther and his societal impact -The rise of Humanism and the life of Desiderius Erasmus -The royal monarchies of England, France, Spain, and Italy -The imperial conquests of Christopher Columbus and the discovery of the Americas -The Bohemian revolution of Eastern Europe, the unification of Russia, and the rise of the Ottoman Empire -The teachings of John Calvin -The Counter-Reformation of the 16th century