Excerpt from Introductory Lecture to the Course on the Institutes of Medicine: Delivered in the University of Pennsylvania, October 16th, 1859 The great difficulty of medical art and science arises from the number, diversity, and obscurity of its pheno mena. A very slight observation will demonstrate that the phenomena of living beings are very dissimilar, that though each is acting independently yet all occur to a common end. A further observation demonstrates that a large proportion of the phenomena of living organisms are identical with those of the collateral sciences, have a similar origin and are amenable to the same laws. In constructing animal organisms nature has not provided a single organic and vital material for all the tissues and organs, or a single organic form or principle, but has drawn largely on other and exterior aids for her materials, and borrowed, if the term may be used, the forces and phenomena of the exterior world, which our finite intelligence compels us to separate into distinct sciences, though no such distinction exists in nature. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Lecture, Introductory to a Course on the Institutes of Medicine, in the University of Pennsylvania: Delivered Nov. 5, 1844 The mind in Which truth dwells, acquires knowledge only through the senses. It is abstracted from the outer and grosser world with which it is incapable of any direct relation. The senses are the media establishing the communication between the intel lectual faculties enshrined ill the interior recesses of the brain, and the exterior world. Without the senses the human intellect lies dormant and inactive. It gives no sign. Each sense endowed with its especial attributes, is placed in direct relation with external mat ter in some of its especial qualities. The one acts on the other, and an especial sensation is produced according to the sense acted on -as sight for the eye, and hearing for the ear. The senses in their Operations are merely passive agents. They translate and report to the intellect, the phenomenal qualities they discover in the things of the outer material world. But the senses are limited: they pene trate neither deep nor far. They are restricted to gross external Obvious appearances. Their testimony is correct as far as it goes, but it is partial; it is not the whole truth; there is, as it were, Sup pression of truth, and the intellect is liable to be deceived by the fallacies of the senses. What fact is more positive to the sense than the rising and the setting of the sun? What more false in reality? The earth to the sense is a plane around which the heavenly bodies move. It was the doctrine of the ancients; is the language of scripture; is the belief of the ignorant now. The sphericity of the earth is a philosophical theory. It cannot be known by the senses. It is evolved by the intellect from the combination and analysis of a number of dissimilar facts. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from An Introductory Lecture, Preliminary to a Course on the Institutes of Medicine: Delivered on the 9th of October, 1850, Before the Medical Class of the University of Pennsylvania The atmosphere is vitiated and contaminated in various ways. Respi ration is the most common. Accurate observations have established that from 4 to 5 per cent. Of carbonic acid is contained in the air expired by a. Male adult, and a somewhat larger per centage of oxygen has disappeared. The amount of air passing through the lungs in 124 hours, is about 400 cubic feet, which loses about 20 cubic feet of oxygen, and receives about 16 cubic feet of carbonic acid. The same air breathed three or four times becomes poisonous. One per cent. Of carbonic acid in the air, if breathed for some time, is prejudicial and death has been caused by a vitiation of not more than 12 or 15 per cent. These facts show the importance of free ventilation to the preservation of health, and the free exercise of the functions, mental and physical. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from A Lecture on Medical Education: Introductory to the Course of the Institutes of Medicine, in the University of Pennsylvania, for the Session 1833-34 Devoid Of self-sustaining principles, medicine was compelled to seek support from collateral aids. For a time, it reposed in the embraces Of Grecian philosophy, and was indebted for its funda mental dogmas to the doctrines Of the various schools, consti tuting the speculative science of that highly endowed race, and intellectual age. Passing thence to the modern era, medicine was plunged into the depths of darkness and superstition that en gulfed the human understanding. Cabalism, theosophy, magic and astrology, furnished the basis on which it was erected. Es caping from these absurdities, it sought refuge in, and looked for assistance from the visionary speculations of the alchemists. It then became a department of physics and mechanics - was next allied to the wildest metaphysics, and connected with the rudest chemistry. It has been alternately a doctrine Of humoralism, solidism, vitalism, and. Always more or less deeply imbued with dogmatism and empiricism. From this imbecile dependency on other departments of science for its principles, medicine is now rapidly escaping. It has as sumed in the circle of the sciences an independent station. It is forming the body of its science, looking for and attempting to establish its fundamental dogmas in the co-ordination of its own facts; first verifying the truth of its facts. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.