Basing his analysis on a wide sample of languages, Stassen investigates cross-linguistic variation in one of the core domains of all natural languages - 'cognitive space' - the topography of which is the same for all languages.

The series is a platform for contributions of all kinds to this rapidly developing field. General problems are studied from the perspective of individual languages, language families, language groups, or language samples. Conclusions are the result of a deepened study of empirical data. Special emphasis is given to little-known languages, whose analysis may shed new light on long-standing problems in general linguistics.

The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon.

The topic of secondary predication has attracted much attention especially in the generative literature. The present volume distinguishes itself from previous volumes on this topic in that all chapters discuss current issues in the syntax and semantics of secondary predication in the languages of Europe (including the Indo-European languages English, Dutch, French, and Spanish, as well as Hungarian, a Finno-Ugric language) and the languages of Asia (including Japanese, Chinese, and Korean) from formal linguistic perspectives. This book brings to light important new results in and directions for research on secondary predication.

Depictive secondary predicates, such as 'raw' in 'George ate the fish raw', are central to current issues in syntactic and semantic theory - in particular predication theory, phrase structure theories, issues of control and grammatical relations, and verbal aspect. This is the first book to approach depictive secondary predication from a cross-linguistic perspective. It describes all the relevant phenomena and brings together critical surveys and new contributions on their morphosyntactic and semantic properties. It considers similarities and differences between secondary predicates and other types of adjuncts, including adverbials of manner, comparison, quantity, and location. The authors are leading scholars with a first-hand knowledge of the languages they discuss. Their approach is theory-neutral and pragmatic: they draw on insights and research traditions ranging from the minimalist program to semantic maps methodology. The book will interest scholars working on the semantics or syntax of secondary predicates, adverbials, and the role of agreement and other morphological marking. It has been designed for use in advanced syntax and typology classes.

The main aim of this book is to address a fundamental question in linguistics, namely why languages are similar and why they are different. The study proposes that languages are fundamentally similar when they encode the same meanings in their grammatical systems and that languages are different when they encode different meanings. Even if languages encode the same meaning, they may differ with respect to the formal means used to code those meanings. This approach allows for a typology based on functional domains, subdomains and functions coded in individual languages. The outcome of the study is a unified approach to language theory, linguistic typology, and descriptive linguistics. The argumentation for the hypotheses and the proposed approach is supported by analyses of data from more than a dozen languages, including English, Polish, French, Wandala, Mina, Hdi, and several other Chadic languages. The study is accessible to a wide variety of linguists.

This is the first major study of the conservative or basilectal English creoles of the Anglophone Caribbean since Bailey's (1966) and Bickerton's (1975) descriptions of Jamaican and Guyanese Creole respectively. The book offers a comprehensive, unified treatment of the core areas of CEC predication, including the verb complex, auxiliary ordering, voice and valency, copular and attributive predication, serial verb constructions and complementation. Particularly note-worthy is its utilization of an extremely rich data base and a variety of sources to provide an up-to-date, state of the art account of predicate structures in CEC. The book presents new analyses of several areas of CEC syntax, including such phenonema as passivization, serialization and complementation, which have not been thoroughly analyzed, if at all, in the previous literature. The areas covered in the book involve a wide range of grammatical phenomena centering around the various sub-classes of verb and their subcategorization. The book consists of an introduction, a conclusion, and six chapters, each of which explores some aspect of the behavior of verbs (or verb-like predicators) and the constructions in which they occur. The book is intended to be a pre-theoretical account of the facts of CEC predication. However, to further elucidate the workings of the grammar and add some degree of explicitness to the description, the author also presents more formal analyses of the grammatical phenomena, employing the framework of Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG).

The English contains four sessions- (I) Reading Skills (II) Writing Skills (III) Literature and (IV) Poetry with solved multiple choice questions at the end of all the chapters. The distribution of the sessions is as follows: Session (I) Reading Skill 02 – 06; Session (II) Writing Skill with Grammar: (a) Determiners 07 – 10 (b) Tenses 11 – 16 (c) verb 17-25 (d) Modals 26 – 28 (e) Reported speech 29-33; Session (IIa) Creative Writing Skills-Types of formal letters 34-39; Session (III) Literature(First Flight) (Prose) • A Letter To God 41 • Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom 42 • Two Stories about Flying 43 – 44 • From The Diary Of Anne Frank 45 • Glimpses Of India 46 • Mijbil The Otter 47 • Madam Rides The Bus 48 • The Sermon At Benares 49 • The Proposal (Play) 50 – 51; Session IV (Poetry) • Dust Of Snow 53 • Fire and Ice 54 -55• A Tiger in the Zoo 56 – 57 • How to Tell Wild Animals 58 – 59 • The Ball Poem 60 – 61 • Amanda! 62 – 63 • The Trees 64 – 65 • Fog 66 • The Tale of Custard the Dragon 67 – 69 • For Anne Gregory 70 – 71; Session (Iva) Literature (Footprints Without Feet) • A Triumph of Surgery 73 • The Thief ’s Story 74 • The Midnight Visitor 75 • A Question of Trust 76 • Footprints without Feet 77 • The Making of a Scientist 78 • The Necklace 79 – 80 • Bholi 81 – 82 • The Book that Saved the Earth 83. In addition to the above content, an online test series for the class X is available at our website https://www.vidhathriacademy.in/ and also in the google application (Vidhathri Academy). The materials are carefully appended and Vidhathri materials are a trust of more than four crores of students and teachers.