This book contains the proceedings of the first International Workshop on Interval/Probabilistic Uncertainty and Non Classical Logics, Ishikawa, Japan, March 25-28, 2008. The workshop brought together researchers working on interval and probabilistic uncertainty and on non-classical logics. It is hoped this workshop will lead to a boost in the much-needed collaboration between the uncertainty analysis and non-classical logic communities, and thus, to better processing of uncertainty.

The principal aim of this book is to introduce to the widest possible audience an original view of belief calculus and uncertainty theory. In this geometric approach to uncertainty, uncertainty measures can be seen as points of a suitably complex geometric space, and manipulated in that space, for example, combined or conditioned. In the chapters in Part I, Theories of Uncertainty, the author offers an extensive recapitulation of the state of the art in the mathematics of uncertainty. This part of the book contains the most comprehensive summary to date of the whole of belief theory, with Chap. 4 outlining for the first time, and in a logical order, all the steps of the reasoning chain associated with modelling uncertainty using belief functions, in an attempt to provide a self-contained manual for the working scientist. In addition, the book proposes in Chap. 5 what is possibly the most detailed compendium available of all theories of uncertainty. Part II, The Geometry of Uncertainty, is the core of this book, as it introduces the author’s own geometric approach to uncertainty theory, starting with the geometry of belief functions: Chap. 7 studies the geometry of the space of belief functions, or belief space, both in terms of a simplex and in terms of its recursive bundle structure; Chap. 8 extends the analysis to Dempster’s rule of combination, introducing the notion of a conditional subspace and outlining a simple geometric construction for Dempster’s sum; Chap. 9 delves into the combinatorial properties of plausibility and commonality functions, as equivalent representations of the evidence carried by a belief function; then Chap. 10 starts extending the applicability of the geometric approach to other uncertainty measures, focusing in particular on possibility measures (consonant belief functions) and the related notion of a consistent belief function. The chapters in Part III, Geometric Interplays, are concerned with the interplay of uncertainty measures of different kinds, and the geometry of their relationship, with a particular focus on the approximation problem. Part IV, Geometric Reasoning, examines the application of the geometric approach to the various elements of the reasoning chain illustrated in Chap. 4, in particular conditioning and decision making. Part V concludes the book by outlining a future, complete statistical theory of random sets, future extensions of the geometric approach, and identifying high-impact applications to climate change, machine learning and artificial intelligence. The book is suitable for researchers in artificial intelligence, statistics, and applied science engaged with theories of uncertainty. The book is supported with the most comprehensive bibliography on belief and uncertainty theory.

The Symposium on Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence (UCAmI) began as a workshop held in 2003 in San Sebastián (Spain) under the Spanish Artificial Intelligence Conference. This event gathered 32 attendees and 18 papers were p- sented. The second edition, already as a Symposium, took place in Granada (Spain) under the first Spanish Computer Science Conference (CEDI). Later, in 2006, a s- ond workshop was celebrated in Ciudad Real and, in 2007; the second Symposium was organized in Zaragoza by the CEDI conference. Now we continue to work on the organization of this event in Salamanca, a beautiful Spanish city. The European Community and the Sixth and Seventh Framework Programs - courage researchers to explore the generic scope of the AmI vision. In fact, some researchers have a crucial role in this vision. Emile Aarts from Philips describes - bient Intelligence as "the integration of technology into our environment, so that p- ple can freely and interactively utilize it". This idea agrees with the proposal of Mark Weiser regarding the Ubiquitous Computing paradigm.

The International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence is an annual forum that brings together ideas, projects, lessons, etc. associated with distr- uted computing, artificial intelligence and its applications in different themes. This meeting has been held at the University of Salamanca from the 22th to the 24th of October 2008. This symposium has be organized by the Biomedicine, Intelligent S- tem and Educational Technology Research Group (http://bisite. usal. es/) of the Univ- sity of Salamanca. The technology transfer in this field is still a challenge and for that reason this type of contributions has been specially considered in this edition. This c- ference is the forum in which to present application of innovative techniques to complex problems. The artificial intelligence is changing our society. Its application in distr- uted environments, such as the Internet, electronic commerce, mobile communications, wireless devices, distributed computing, and so on is increasing and is becoming an element of high added value and economic potential, both industrial and research. These technologies are changing constantly as a result of the large research and technical effort being undertaken in both universities and businesses. The exchange of ideas between scientists and technicians from both academic and business areas is essential to facilitate the development of systems that meet the demands of today's society.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing, RSCTC 2010, held in Warsaw, Poland, in June 2010.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management held in Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, in September 2010.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, KSEM 2011, held in Irvine, CA, USA, in December 2011. The 34 revised full papers presented together with 7 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions.

PAAMS, the International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems is an evolution of the International Workshop on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. PAAMS is an international yearly tribune to present, to discuss, and to disseminate the latest developments and the most important outcomes related to real-world applications. It provides a unique opportunity to bring multi-disciplinary experts, academics and practitioners together to exchange their experience in the development of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. This volume presents the papers that have been accepted for the 2009 edition. These articles capture the most innovative results and this year’s trends: Assisted Cognition, E-Commerce, Grid Computing, Human Modelling, Information Systems, Knowledge Management, Agent-Based Simulation, Software Development, Transports, Trust and Security. Each paper has been reviewed by three different reviewers, from an international committee composed of 64 members from 20 different countries. From the 92 submissions received, 35 were selected for full presentation at the conference, and 26 were accepted as posters.

This volume of Advances in Soft Computing and Lecture Notes in Computer th Science vols. 5551, 5552 and 5553, constitute the Proceedings of the 6 Inter- tional Symposium of Neural Networks (ISNN 2009) held in Wuhan, China during May 26–29, 2009. ISNN is a prestigious annual symposium on neural networks with past events held in Dalian (2004), Chongqing (2005), Chengdu (2006), N- jing (2007) and Beijing (2008). Over the past few years, ISNN has matured into a well-established series of international conference on neural networks and their applications to other fields. Following this tradition, ISNN 2009 provided an a- demic forum for the participants to disseminate their new research findings and discuss emerging areas of research. Also, it created a stimulating environment for the participants to interact and exchange information on future research challenges and opportunities of neural networks and their applications. ISNN 2009 received 1,235 submissions from about 2,459 authors in 29 co- tries and regions (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Islamic Republic of Iran, Japan, Jordan, Macao, Malaysia, Mexico, Norway, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Vietnam, and Yemen) across six continents (Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and Oceania). Based on rigorous reviews by the Program Committee members and reviewers, 95 high-quality papers were selected to be published in this volume.

As the medical information systems have been integrated in order to address the core of medicine, including patient care in ambulatory and in-patient setting, computer assisted diagnosis and treatment, telemedicine, and home care we are witnessing radical changes in the Information Technologies. This will continue in the years to come. This book presents a comprehensive study in this field and contains carefully selected articles contributed by experts of information technologies. It is an interdisciplinary collection of papers that have both a theoretical and applied dimension. In particular, it includes the following sections: - Image Processing and CAD, - Signal Processing, - Biotechnology, - Data Analysis, - Multimedia, - Biomechanics. This book is a great reference tool for scientists who deal with problems of designing and implementing information processing tools employed in systems that assist the clinicians in patient diagnosis and treatment.