Although many academics do consulting work, little in their educational training prepares them for the consulting world. What professional skills should they possess in dealing with clients? How should they negotiate projects, formalize arguments, and make presentations to potential clients? With contributions from leaders in program evaluation, industrial psychology, and organizational consultants with years of practical experience, Independent Consulting for Evaluators provides readers with the skills needed for effective consulting. The contributors offer a detailed guide for launching a consulting career, and they address such topics as the importance of multiculturalism for independent consulting, successful ways to combine professional roles, how to collect data and do analyses in an applied context, and how to do presentations and use graphical displays. The book concludes with two case studies of small consulting practices. Students, professionals, and researchers in evaluation, management, research methods, psychology, and sociology will not want to miss out on this practical, hands-on volume!

Looking to start up your own research and evaluation consultancy? For almost 20 years, Gail V. Barrington has run popular workshops to help professional researchers and evaluators determine if they have what it takes to succeed as consultants. This book makes that helpful guidance, and more, available to a wider audience. Barrington shows readers how to get started, set fees, find work, manage time and money, set up an ownership structure and business systems, manage contracts, and work with subcontractors and staff. With Barrington's advice and encouragement, independent practitioners have the roadmap to success!"I would highly recommend it to anyone starting a consulting career. The author has truly singled out the most important lessons to be passed on, both of the practical type and of those related to consultancy."-George Grob, Center for Public Program Evaluation"This book addresses a big and important gap in the evaluation literature. It provides a clear and concise account of what evaluators and applied researchers need to know in order to succeed in independent consulting practice." -Stewart Donaldson, Claremont Graduate University

This volume was inspired by stimulation and insights gained over the years from conversations among independent consultants at the annual conferences of the American Evaluation Association (AEA)-- conversations not just about evaluation projects -- and should serve as a springboard to ongoing discussion among evaluators.

The need for consultation and evaluation among nonprofits and government agencies has soared in recent years, as funders have demanded accountability and agencies are ill-equipped to provide the types of data-based information needed. Consulting and Evaluation with Nonprofit and Community-Based Organizations fills a critical gap in the academic literature for nonprofit management. This unique text is a collection of advice and voices from a diverse group of successful, practicing consultants who work with nonprofits and government agencies. Through surveys and interviews, these experts relate detailed information on how they got started in consulting, what types of services they provide, what types of clients they serve, the biggest challenges they face, and much more. The book also integrates current topics from a wide variety of sources so that interested readers can easily access important information all in one book. Book jacket.

In an era of budgetary belt-tightening, policymakers must prove that their programs work or face drastic cuts in spending. This book, informed by the author’s many years of practice in program evaluation and expertise as an anthropologist, discusses in plain prose the theory and methods of culturally-competent evaluation across a number of disciplines, such as health and education, for graduate and advanced undergraduate students and professionals. The book-guides readers through the process of evaluation in complex contexts created by cultural change, the movement of populations, economic forces and constantly emerging crises;-introduces rich ethnographic theory and methods developed by anthropologists to evaluators in other fields;-teaches anthropologists and other social scientists research techniques developed in such fields as business or public-policy evaluation;-provides a strategy for building evidence from both qualitative and quantitative sources to form conclusions that have scientific credibility.

All humans are nascent evaluators. Evaluation has been with us throughout history, and in its modern form has moved from the margins to the centers of organizations, agencies, educational institutions, and corporate boardrooms. No longer a specialized, part-time activity, evaluation has become institutionalized, a common practice, and indeed an important commodity in political and social life. The Encyclopedia of Evaluation is an authoritative, first-of-its-kind who, what, where, why, and how of the field of evaluation. Covering professional practice as well as academia, this volume chronicles the development of the field—its history, key figures, theories, approaches, and goals. From the leading publisher in the field of evaluation, this work is a must-have for all social science libraries, departments that offer courses in evaluation, and students and professional evaluators around the world. The entries in this Encyclopedia capture the essence of evaluation as a practice (methods, techniques, roles, people), as a profession (professional obligations, shared knowledge, ethical imperatives, events, places) and as a discipline (theories and models of evaluation, ontological and epistemological issues). International Scope Despite the fact that evaluation practice is not institutionalized in the same way around the world, the encyclopedia recognizes the international growth of the profession, due in large part to organizations such as UNICEF, the World Bank, and USAID. Entries cover the following: Afghanistan, Belgium, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Israel, Netherlands, Niger, Scotland, South Africa, Spain, and Uganda. In addition, the international group of authors includes contributions from more than a dozen nations. There are a number of stories about evaluation practice around the world that are set off as sidebars in the text. These stories provide a glimpse into the nature of evaluation practice in a diverse set of circumstances, delineate the common and uncommon issues for evaluators around the world, and point to the complexities of importing evaluation from one culture to another. Interdisciplinary Methodological Coverage Much of the practice of evaluation has grown out of the social science research tradition. While psychological methods and psychometrics continue to be useful, evaluation research today draws from a wide range of disciplines, including anthropology, education, political science, literary criticism, systems theory, and others. This Encyclopedia covers all of the relevant methodologies, including both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Evaluators and Theories The Encyclopedia of Evaluation includes significant coverage of the major figures in the field throughout its history. Many of these figures are well known for a particular theory or approach, and whenever applicable, the entries make this connection for the reader as well as provide references for further reading. Good examples include Michael Quinn Patton and Utilization-Focused Evaluation, David Fetterman and Empowerment Evaluation, Daniel Stufflebeam′s CIPP Model of Evaluation, and Huey Chen and Theory-driven Evaluations. Key Themes • Concepts, Evaluation • Concepts, Methodological • Concepts, Philosophical • Concepts, Social Science • Ethics and Standards • Evaluation Approaches and Models • Evaluation around the World, Stories • Evaluation Planning • Evaluation Theory • Laws and Legislation • Organizations • People • Publications • Qualitative Methods • Quantitative Methods • Representation, Reporting, Communicating • Systems • Technology • Utilization Key Features • More than 100 contributors from around the world • Single, affordable volume with nearly 600 entries arranged alphabetically • Entries written by an international team of experts, including narratives that depict evaluation practice around the world • Reader′s Guide arranges entries into 18 thematic categories to facilitate browsing among core topics Editorial Board Ross Connor, University of California, Irvine Lois-Ellin Datta, Consultant Melissa Freeman, University at Albany Rodney Hopson, Duquesne University Saville Kushner, University of the West of England, U.K. Yvonna S. Lincoln, Texas A&M University Cheryl MacNeil, Community Activist and Evaluation Consultant Donna M. Mertens, Gallaudet University, Washington DC James Mugaju, UNICEF Zenda Ofir, EvalNet Michael Quinn Patton, Union Institute and University Hallie Preskill, University of New Mexico Debra Rog, Vanderbilt University Patricia Rogers, Evaluation Practitioner, Researcher, and Educator Thomas A. Schwandt, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Michael Scriven, Auckland University, New Zealand Elizabeth Whitmore, Carleton University, Canada

The Realpolitik of Evaluation shines a light on the divergent demands for evaluation. But what explains the "gap" between what those on the "demand" side expect in terms of evaluation results, and the "supply" of information provided by evaluators? Can anything be done to narrow this gap? What works and what does not work? Examining these questions from both the demand and the supply side, experts describe ten different global examples of the gap between demand and supply of evaluation information in different contexts. In an attempt to bridge that gap, they effectively reveal the biases behind supposedly sources of evaluation information and highlight the pros and cons of attempts to bridge the gap through the use of third parties, enhanced stakeholder involvement, and the incorporation of social science models to strengthen Theories of Change (ToC). The Realpolitik of Evaluation is an important book that poses questions at multiple levels of thinking. It will be of great interest to policymakers, program implementers, and project managers.

Surveys are a cornerstone of social and behavioral research, and with the use of web-based tools, surveys have become an easy and inexpensive means of gathering data. But how researchers ask a question can dramatically influence the answers they receive. Sheila B. Robinson and Kimberly Firth Leonard’s Designing Quality Survey Questions shows readers how to craft high quality, precisely-worded survey questions that will elicit rich, nuanced, and ultimately useful data to help answer their research or evaluation questions. The authors address challenges such as crafting demographic questions, designing questions that keep respondents engaged and avoid survey fatigue, web-based survey formats, culturally-responsive survey design, and factors that influence survey responses. Additionally, “Stories from the Field” features provide real world experiences from practitioners who share lessons learned about survey design, and end-of-chapter exercises and discussion questions allow readers to apply the information they’ve learned.

For many household surveys in the United States, responses rates have been steadily declining for at least the past two decades. A similar decline in survey response can be observed in all wealthy countries. Efforts to raise response rates have used such strategies as monetary incentives or repeated attempts to contact sample members and obtain completed interviews, but these strategies increase the costs of surveys. This review addresses the core issues regarding survey nonresponse. It considers why response rates are declining and what that means for the accuracy of survey results. These trends are of particular concern for the social science community, which is heavily invested in obtaining information from household surveys. The evidence to date makes it apparent that current trends in nonresponse, if not arrested, threaten to undermine the potential of household surveys to elicit information that assists in understanding social and economic issues. The trends also threaten to weaken the validity of inferences drawn from estimates based on those surveys. High nonresponse rates create the potential or risk for bias in estimates and affect survey design, data collection, estimation, and analysis. The survey community is painfully aware of these trends and has responded aggressively to these threats. The interview modes employed by surveys in the public and private sectors have proliferated as new technologies and methods have emerged and matured. To the traditional trio of mail, telephone, and face-to-face surveys have been added interactive voice response (IVR), audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI), web surveys, and a number of hybrid methods. Similarly, a growing research agenda has emerged in the past decade or so focused on seeking solutions to various aspects of the problem of survey nonresponse; the potential solutions that have been considered range from better training and deployment of interviewers to more use of incentives, better use of the information collected in the data collection, and increased use of auxiliary information from other sources in survey design and data collection. Nonresponse in Social Science Surveys: A Research Agenda also documents the increased use of information collected in the survey process in nonresponse adjustment.

An accessible and comprehensive guide to the concepts and practice of evaluation, this book integrates new approaches and classic frameworks with practical tools that readers can use to design evaluation studies. The authors stress the role of critical and evaluative thinking, as well as self-reflection, and demonstrate the importance of context and equity, offering a new stance for evaluators to support global as well as local issues.