In 1982, Professor Pawlak published his seminal paper on what he called "rough sets" - a work which opened a new direction in the development of theories of incomplete information. Today, a decade and a half later, the theory of rough sets has evolved into a far-reaching methodology for dealing with a wide variety of issues centering on incompleteness and imprecision of information - issues which playa key role in the conception and design of intelligent information systems. "Incomplete Information: Rough Set Analysis" - or RSA for short - presents an up-to-date and highly authoritative account of the current status of the basic theory, its many extensions and wide-ranging applications. Edited by Professor Ewa Orlowska, one of the leading contributors to the theory of rough sets, RSA is a collection of nineteen well-integrated chapters authored by experts in rough set theory and related fields. A common thread that runs through these chapters ties the concept of incompleteness of information to those of indiscernibility and similarity.

In 1982, Professor Pawlak published his seminal paper on what he called "rough sets" - a work which opened a new direction in the development of theories of incomplete information. Today, a decade and a half later, the theory of rough sets has evolved into a far-reaching methodology for dealing with a wide variety of issues centering on incompleteness and imprecision of information - issues which playa key role in the conception and design of intelligent information systems. "Incomplete Information: Rough Set Analysis" - or RSA for short - presents an up-to-date and highly authoritative account of the current status of the basic theory, its many extensions and wide-ranging applications. Edited by Professor Ewa Orlowska, one of the leading contributors to the theory of rough sets, RSA is a collection of nineteen well-integrated chapters authored by experts in rough set theory and related fields. A common thread that runs through these chapters ties the concept of incompleteness of information to those of indiscernibility and similarity.

"Incomplete Information System and Rough Set Theory: Models and Attribute Reductions" covers theoretical study of generalizations of rough set model in various incomplete information systems. It discusses not only the regular attributes but also the criteria in the incomplete information systems. Based on different types of rough set models, the book presents the practical approaches to compute several reducts in terms of these models. The book is intended for researchers and postgraduate students in machine learning, data mining and knowledge discovery, especially for those who are working in rough set theory, and granular computing. Dr. Xibei Yang is a lecturer at the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, China; Jingyu Yang is a professor at the School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China.

This chapter describes a study conducted at the Swinburne University of Technology in Australia, in their School of Business. The study was to explore the applicability of a judgment-analytic decision support system to the assessment of the likelihood of an applicant being selected for admission to the School's Graduate Certificate in Business Administration (GCBA) program. The likelihood of a program administrator selecting a particular applicant is directly linked to the assessment of the likelihood of that applicant's success in the GCBA program. The purpose of this study, in effect, was to analyze the administrative judgment process in assessment of an applicant's likelihood of success in the program. THE PROCESS OF HUMAN JUDGMENT Human judgment is a process through which an individual uses social infonnation to make decisions. The social infonnation is obtained from an individual's environment and is interpreted through the individual's cognitive image of the environment. The. cognitive image provides a representation of the environment based on past experiences and training, and essentially predisposes the person to respond to social infonnation in predictable ways. An individual's policies or beliefs about the environment represent these patterns. Human judgments are based then upon one's interpretation of available infonnation. They are probability statements about one's environment and how one reacts to it. This condition leads to the human judgment process being inherently limited. It is fundamentally a covert process. It is seldom possible for an individual to accurately describe his or her judgment process accurately.

Covers key rough computing research, surveying a full range of topics and examining defining issues of the field.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular-Soft Computing, RSFDGrC'99, held in Yamaguchi, Japan, in November 1999. The 45 revised regular papers and 15 revised short papers presented together with four invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 89 submissions. The book is divided into sections on rough computing: foundations and applications, rough set theory and applications, fuzzy set theory and applications, nonclassical logic and approximate reasoning, information granulation and granular computing, data mining and knowledge discovery, machine learning, and intelligent agents and systems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology, RSKT 2007, held in Toronto, Canada in May 2007 in conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing, RSFDGrC 2007, both as part of the Joint Rough Set Symposium, JRS 2007.

The LNCS journal Transactions on Rough Sets is devoted to the entire spectrum of rough sets related issues, starting from logical and mathematical foundations, through all aspects of rough set theory and its applications, such as data mining, knowledge discovery, and intelligent information processing, to relations between rough sets and other approaches to uncertainty, vagueness, and incompleteness, such as fuzzy sets and theory of evidence. This first volume of the Transactions on Rough Sets opens with an introductory article by Zdzislaw Pawlak, the originator of rough sets. Nine papers deal with rough set theory and eight are devoted to applications in various domains.

The LNCS journal Transactions on Rough Sets is devoted to the entire spectrum of rough sets related issues, from logical and mathematical foundations, through all aspects of rough set theory and its applications, such as data mining, knowledge discovery, and intelligent information processing, to relations between rough sets and other approaches to uncertainty, vagueness, and incompleteness, such as fuzzy sets and theory of evidence. This book, which constitutes the ninth volume of the Transactions on Rough Sets series, providing evidence of the continuing growth of a number of research streams. It includes articles that are extensions of papers included in the first conference on Rough Sets and Intelligent Systems Paradigms. The 26 papers presented in this volume introduce a number of new advances in the foundations and applications of artificial intelligence, engineering, image processing, logic, mathematics, medicine, music, and science.

Rough set approach to reasoning under uncertainty is based on inducing knowledge representation from data under constraints expressed by discernibility or, more generally, similarity of objects. Knowledge derived by this approach consists of reducts, decision or association rules, dependencies, templates, or classifiers. This monograph presents the state of the art of this area. The reader will find here a deep theoretical discussion of relevant notions and ideas as well as rich inventory of algorithmic and heuristic tools for knowledge discovery by rough set methods. An extensive bibliography will help the reader to get an acquaintance with this rapidly growing area of research.