How do speakers vary established patterns of language use and adapt them to novel contexts of application? This study presents a usage-based approach to linguistic creativity: combining detailed qualitative with large-scale quantitative analyses of corpus data, it traces the emergence of partial productivity in clusters of conventional collocations. Focusing on English and German intensification constructions, it proceeds in three steps: having first inventoried the lexical means (of a given semantic type) that are recruited for signalling intensity in both languages, collostructional analysis is then used to identify entrenched intensity collocations involving these formatives in three different syntactic constructions. Third, multi-rater manual classification methods as well as distribution-based automatic classification methods are employed to uncover semantic generalisations over the attested types on different levels of abstraction. Collocational expansion is shown to proceed through local analogies within sets of semantically similar stored instances of a construction. Synthesising insights from research on language acquisition, variation and change, it is thus argued that creative extensions of linguistic conventions are intrinsically bound up with aspects of memory and repetition.

How do speakers vary established patterns of language use and adapt them to novel contexts of application? This study presents a usage-based approach to linguistic creativity: combining detailed qualitative with large-scale quantitative analyses of corpus data, it traces the emergence of partial productivity in clusters of conventional collocations. Synthesising insights from research on language acquisition, variation and change, it is argued that creative extensions of linguistic conventions are intrinsically bound up with aspects of memory and repetition.

The knowledge of plant responses to various abiotic stresses is crucial to understand their underlying mechanisms as well as the methods to develop new varieties of crops, which are better suited to the environment they are grown in. Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity provides readers a timely update on the knowledge about plant responses to a variety of stresses such as salinity, temperature, drought, oxidative stress and mineral deficiencies. Chapters focus on biochemical mechanisms identified in plants crucial to adapting to specific abiotic stressors along with the methods of improving plant tolerance. The book also sheds light on plant secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids and plant growth regulators in ameliorating the stressful conditions in plants. Additional chapters present an overview of applications of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics (including CRISPR/CAS techniques) to develop abiotic stress tolerant crops. The editors have also provided detailed references for extended reading to support the information in the book. Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity is an informative reference for scholars and researchers working in the field of botany, agriculture, crop science and physiology, soil science, and environmental sciences.

The greatest challenge of our time is to produce sufficient food ot keep pace with the rapidly growing population. In the opinion of experts, during the next 25 years there will be a need for as much food as was produced in the entire history of mankind to date. Of the various measures available, improvement in agricultural productivity is judged as the ultimate means of augmenting food production and supplies. In this Handbook, an international team of experts consider the most important factors affecting production of both crops and livestock. This Handbook is intended as a scientific guide to practitioners and students, as well as to researchers, who should find here stimulating ideas for further exploration.

Over the last century, medicine has come out of the "black bag" and emerged as one of the most dynamic and advanced fields of development in science and technology. Today, biomedical engineering plays a critical role in patient diagnosis, care, and rehabilitation. More than ever, biomedical engineers face the challenge of making sure that medical d

The volumes in this set, originally published between 1925 and 1990, draw together research by leading academics in the area of the history of economic thought. The volumes encompass many different schools of economic thought, with a focus on individual economic thinkers such as Friedrich Hayek, Adam Smith and Piero Sraffa. This set will be of interest to students of economics, particularly students of the history of economic thought.