Improved Thin Film Solar Cells Made By Vapor Deposition Of Earth Abundant Tinii Sulfide
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Author |
: Leizhi Sun |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: |
Release |
: 2014 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:882196877 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (77 Downloads) |
Synopsis Improved Thin Film Solar Cells Made by Vapor Deposition of Earth-Abundant Tin(II) Sulfide by : Leizhi Sun
Tin(II) sulfide (SnS) is an earth-abundant, inexpensive, and non-toxic absorber material for thin film solar cells. SnS films are deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) through the reaction of a tin precursor, bis(N,N'-diisopropylacetamidinato)tin(II), and hydrogen sulfide. The SnS films demonstrate excellent surface morphology, crystal structure, phase purity, stoichiometry, elemental purity, and optical and electrical properties.
Author |
: Prasert Sinsermsuksakul |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: |
Release |
: 2013 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:867208718 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (18 Downloads) |
Synopsis Development of Earth-Abundant Tin(II) Sulfide Thin-Film Solar Cells by Vapor Deposition by : Prasert Sinsermsuksakul
To sustain future civilization, the development of alternative clean-energy technologies to replace fossil fuels has become one of the most crucial and challenging problems of the last few decades. The thin film solar cell is one of the major photovoltaic technologies that is promising for renewable energy. The current commercial thin film PV technologies are based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdTe. Despite their success in reducing the module cost below $1/Wp, these absorber materials face limitations due to their use of scarce (In and Te) and toxic (Cd) elements. One promising candidate for an alternative absorber material is tin monosulfide (SnS). Composed of cheap, non-toxic and earth-abundant elemental constituents, SnS can potentially provide inexpensive PV modules to reach the global energy demand in TW levels.
Author |
: Subba Ramaiah Kodigala |
Publisher |
: Newnes |
Total Pages |
: 197 |
Release |
: 2013-11-14 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780123971821 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0123971829 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (21 Downloads) |
Synopsis Thin Film Solar Cells From Earth Abundant Materials by : Subba Ramaiah Kodigala
The fundamental concept of the book is to explain how to make thin film solar cells from the abundant solar energy materials by low cost. The proper and optimized growth conditions are very essential while sandwiching thin films to make solar cell otherwise secondary phases play a role to undermine the working function of solar cells. The book illustrates growth and characterization of Cu2ZnSn(S1-xSex)4 thin film absorbers and their solar cells. The fabrication process of absorber layers by either vacuum or non-vacuum process is readily elaborated in the book, which helps for further development of cells. The characterization analyses such as XPS, XRD, SEM, AFM etc., lead to tailor the physical properties of the absorber layers to fit well for the solar cells. The role of secondary phases such as ZnS, Cu2-xS,SnS etc., which are determined by XPS, XRD or Raman, in the absorber layers is promptly discussed. The optical spectroscopy analysis, which finds band gap, optical constants of the films, is mentioned in the book. The electrical properties of the absorbers deal the influence of substrates, growth temperature, impurities, secondary phases etc. The low temperature I-V and C-V measurements of Cu2ZnSn(S1-xSex)4 thin film solar cells are clearly described. The solar cell parameters such as efficiency, fill factor, series resistance, parallel resistance provide handful information to understand the mechanism of physics of thin film solar cells in the book. The band structure, which supports to adjust interface states at the p-n junction of the solar cells is given. On the other hand the role of window layers with the solar cells is discussed. The simulation of theoretical efficiency of Cu2ZnSn(S1-xSex)4 thin film solar cells explains how much efficiency can be experimentally extracted from the cells. - One of the first books exploring how to conduct research on thin film solar cells, including reducing costs - Detailed instructions on conducting research
Author |
: Yue Yu |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 146 |
Release |
: 2017 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:1114319908 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (08 Downloads) |
Synopsis Thin Film Solar Cells with Earth Abundant Elements by : Yue Yu
The world energy consumption has increased rigorously in recent years due to the rapid economic development and the massive global population expansion. Today the world energy supply relies heavily on fossil fuels, known as non-renewable energy resources, which have limited reserves on Earth and do not form or replenish in a short period of time. Burning fossil fuels not only brings environmental pollutions but also results in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which are to blame for global warming. Therefore, to build a more sustainable and greener future, we have to develop alternative renewable energy resources. Photovoltaic (PV) cell, also commonly known as solar cell, is a very promising renewable energy technology. Here in this dissertation, we have studied two emerging PV materials with earth abundant elements, i.e. copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) and organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite. Having earth abundant elements means that the raw materials have rich reserves on Earth and the costs are relatively low. It also means that the materials have the potential capability to be produced in large scales in industry. We first explored two different deposition methods for preparing CZTS thin films. In the first method, the CZTS was fabricated by a solution based method with diethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent and the effect of spin speed on the properties of CZTS thin films was studied. The results indicated that a higher spin speed was more favorable for attaining a more densely packed and pinhole-free film while no crystallographic differences were observed. In the second method, CZTS was fabricated using sputtered metal precursors followed by a closed-space sulfurization (CSS) technique, which had high manufacturing compatibility and could be applied in industry. After exploring different sulfurization conditions, including temperatures and time, the champion cell was obtained at 590oC for 30min, with a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.2%. We then explored three different organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite materials for solar cell applications. The first perovskite material is methylammonium tin triiodide (MASnI3, bandgap ~1.3 eV). It was fabricated by a hybrid thermal evaporation. The as-deposited MASnI3 thin films exhibit smooth surfaces, uniform coverage across the entire substrate, and strong crystallographic preferred orientation along the 100 direction. Our results demonstrate the potential capability of the hybrid evaporation method for preparing high-quality MASnI3 perovskite thin films which can be used to fabricate efficient lead (Pb)-free perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). The second perovskite material is mixed-cation (formamidinium and cesium) lead iodide (FA0.8Cs0.2PbI3). We find that one of the main factors limiting the PCEs of FA0.8Cs0.2PbI3 PVSCs could be the small grain sizes, which leads to relatively short mean carrier lifetimes. We further find that adding a small amount of lead thiocyanate additive can enlarge the grain size of FA0.8Cs0.2PbI3 perovskite thin films and significantly increase the mean carrier lifetime. As a result, the average PCE of FA0.8Cs0.2PbI3 PVSCs increases from 16.18 ± 0.50 (13.45 ± 0.78)% to 18.16 ± 0.54 (16.86 ± 0.63)% when measured under reverse (forward) voltage scans. The best-performing FA0.8Cs0.2PbI3 PVSC registers a PCE of 19.57 (18.12) % when measured under a reverse (forward) voltage scan. The third perovskite material is FA0.8Cs0.2Pb(I0.7Br0.3)3 (bandgap ~1.75 eV). We find that the cooperation of lead thiocyanate additive and a solvent annealing process can effectively increase the grain size of the perovskite thin films while avoiding the undesired excess lead iodide formation. As a result, the average grain size of the FA0.8Cs0.2Pb(I0.7Br0.3)3 perovskite thin films increases from 66 ± 24 nm to 1036 ± 111 nm and the mean carrier lifetime shows a more than 3-fold increase, from 330 ns to over 1000 ns. As a result, the average open-circuit voltage (Voc) of FA0.8Cs0.2Pb(I0.7Br0.3)3 PVSCs increases by 80 (70) mV and the average PCE increases from 13.44 ± 0.48 (11.75 ± 0.34)% to 17.68 ± 0.36 (15.58 ± 0.55)% when measured under reverse (forward) voltage scans. The best-performing wide-bandgap (~1.75 eV) PVSC registers a stabilized PCE of 17.18%, demonstrating its suitability for top cell applications in all-perovskite tandem solar cells.
Author |
: Qiaoer Zhou |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 288 |
Release |
: 2011 |
ISBN-10 |
: UCAL:W263468 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (68 Downloads) |
Synopsis Thin Film Solar Cells by : Qiaoer Zhou
Author |
: 李建亞 |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: |
Release |
: 2010 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:1263164979 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (79 Downloads) |
Synopsis Development of Tandem Thin-film Silicon Solar Cells by Plasma-enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition by : 李建亞
Author |
: |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: |
Release |
: 2012 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:1065887107 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (07 Downloads) |
Synopsis Solar Cells from Earth-Abundant Semiconductors with Plasmon-Enhanced Light Absorption by :
Progress is reported in these areas: Plasmonic Light Trapping in Thin Film a-Si Solar Cells; Plasmonic Light Trapping in Thin InGaN Quantum Well Solar Cells; and Earth Abundant Cu2O and Zn3P2 Solar Cells.
Author |
: Thomas James Whittles |
Publisher |
: Springer |
Total Pages |
: 388 |
Release |
: 2018-07-31 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9783319916651 |
ISBN-13 |
: 3319916653 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (51 Downloads) |
Synopsis Electronic Characterisation of Earth‐Abundant Sulphides for Solar Photovoltaics by : Thomas James Whittles
This book examines the electronic structure of earth-abundant and environmentally friendly materials for use as absorber layers within photovoltaic cells. The corroboration between high-quality photoemission measurements and density of states calculations yields valuable insights into why these materials have demonstrated poor device efficiencies in the vast literature cited. The book shows how the materials’ underlying electronic structures affect their properties, and how the band positions make them unsuitable for use with established solar cell technologies. After explaining these poor efficiencies, the book offers alternative window layer materials to improve the use of these absorbers. The power of photoemission and interpretation of the data in terms of factors generally overlooked in the literature, such as the materials’ oxidation and phase impurity, is demonstrated. Representing a unique reference guide, the book will be of considerable interest and value to members of the photoemission community engaged in solar cell research, and to a wider materials science audience as well.
Author |
: D.L. Liu |
Publisher |
: Trans Tech Publications Ltd |
Total Pages |
: 4700 |
Release |
: 2014-02-06 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9783038263937 |
ISBN-13 |
: 3038263931 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (37 Downloads) |
Synopsis Applied Science, Materials Science and Information Technologies in Industry by : D.L. Liu
Collection of selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 International Conference on Advances in Materials Science and Information Technologies in Industry (AMSITI 2014), January 11-12, 2014, Xian, China. Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). The 1030 papers are grouped as follows: Chapter 1: Materials Science and Processing Technologies; Chapter 2: Information Technologies and Information Processing Algorithms; Chapter 3: Applied Sciences and Engineering Researches
Author |
: Robert Ko Shibao |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 392 |
Release |
: 1995 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:34454456 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (56 Downloads) |
Synopsis Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Thin Films and New Crystalline Model Compounds in the Systems Silicon-sulfur and Phosphorus-sulfur by : Robert Ko Shibao