Written by experts who have been part of this field since its beginnings in both research and academia, this textbook introduces readers to this evolving topic and the broad range of applications that are being explored. The book begins by examining what it is that defines ionic liquids and what sets them apart from other materials. Chapters describe the various types of ionic liquids and the different techniques used to synthesize them, as well as their properties and some of the methods used in their measurement. Further chapters delve into synthetic and electrochemical applications and their broad use as "Green" solvents. Final chapters examine important applications in a wide variety of contexts, including such devices as solar cells and batteries, electrochemistry, and biotechnology. The result is a must-have resource for any researcher beginning to work in this growing field, including senior undergraduates and postgraduates.

The book is aimed at maintenance technicians working with ILS as well as planners of navigation aids and for flight inspection crew. It is a necessary prerequisite for further equipment course or training course in computer ILS simulations. After studying this book the reader will be able to understand the basic ILS principles for localiser and glide path systems, understand relevant ICAO specification and be able to do basic fault finding and call for expert assistance in a qualified way. The reader will understand the functions and limitations of the airborne equipment as well as flight inspection reports and the meaning of the reported values. The most important features of the localiser and glide path will be discussed, and the reader will be soon be ready to receive the On-the-Job and equipment specific training required to perform independent maintenance work on ILS systems.

This textbook covers the fundamentals of different functional material systems aimed at advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students. Each chapter includes an introduction to the material, its applications and uses with example problems, fabrication and manufacturing techniques, conclusions, homework problems and a bibliography. Edited by a leading researcher in smart materials, topics include piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials, shape memory alloys, mechanochromic materials, chemomechanical polymers and self-healing materials.

Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems: Design and Application is written for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in renewable energy and heat transfer. This classroom-tested text covers ground heat exchanger modeling, secondary loop ground-source system design, pumping energy, thermal response testing, commercial building applications, and horizontal and groundwater ground heat exchangers. The book is oriented to practical applications, including the economic analysis of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems, but more theoretical sections are provided covering research-related geothermal applications. Chapters on heat transfer fundamentals and heat pump concepts are included for readers less familiar with thermal engineering concepts. A chapter covering the economic analysis of GSHP systems is also included. All of the examples and problems in the book are solved using the open-source Python programming language. The book will provide students in geothermal energy courses with a solid understanding of the subject. It will also be a valuable reference for professionals working in the field of renewable energy.

The book presents principles of operation of radar and radionavigation systems. The group of radar systems includes: primary and secondary radiolocations, bistatic and multistatic systems. They are illustrated with relevant examples of calculation and applications. The issues of increasing the range of the radar systems are presented together with the matched filtering of the used signals. Other discussed issues are methods for eliminating interfering signals and researching methods of 3D space. Various methods of the monopulse radiolocation are presented in Chapter 12. In Chapters 13–18 terrestrial and satellite radionavigation systems are under discussion. The terrestrial systems are: Loran C, Decca Navigator and Omega. The TRANSIT is an example of a hyperbolic satellite system. The stadiometric systems GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, BeiDou, IRNSS and QZSS are discussed together with differential systems augmentating of them. The ILS, MLS and TLS supporting the landing of aircrafts are discussed in Chapter 17. The prospects for replacing of them with satellite systems augmentated by appropriate reference ground-based stations (GBAS) are also analyzed. Various beacons and ranging devices used in aviation are described in the Chapter 18. This book is intended primarily for students and engineers interested in radar, radionavigation and aerospace engineering.

Handbook of Ionic Liquids A one-stop reference for researchers interested in ionic liquids and their applications Handbook of Ionic Liquids: Fundamentals, Applications, and Sustainability, constitutes an overview of the latest advances in ionic liquid chemistry. It offers a comprehensive summary of the development history of ionic liquids, their design, and the diverse array of applications—including green and sustainable synthesis, catalysis, drug development and medicine, biotechnology, materials science, and electrochemistry. The authors explain a variety of processes used to develop novel materials with ionic liquids and describe likely future developments using practical examples taken from contemporary research and development in the field. The book includes discussions of biomass conversion, CO2 capture, and more. You’ll also discover: A thorough introduction to the theory of ionic liquids, as well as their different types and recycling methods Comprehensive explorations of the physico-chemical properties of ionic liquids Practical discussions of ionic liquid synthesis and analysis, including green synthesis and heterocyclic chemistry applications Summary of the use of ionic liquids in materials science, including polymers, energy conversion, and storage devices Perfect for organic, catalytic, physical, analytical, and environmental chemists, Handbook of Ionic Liquids: Fundamentals, Applications, and Sustainability will also benefit electrochemists, materials scientists, and biotechnologists with an interest in ionic liquids and their application.

In this thesis, Till Cremer investigates the bulk properties of ionic liquids (IL), the IL/vacuum interface and the IL/solid interface. For these studies the author primarily uses angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. ILs represent a class of materials with unique physico-chemical properties. Many applications take advantage of the extremely low vapor pressure of aprotic ILs to fabricate permanent, non-volatile liquid coatings on solid materials. The author focuses on issues related to thin IL coatings, in particular concerning new catalytic concepts such as the supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) and solid catalyst with ionic liquid layer (SCILL) systems. Till Cremer presents a number of fundamental contributions to the new field of "Ionic Liquid Surface and Interface Science". Highlights are his results concerning anion/cation-interactions and the growth of ultrathin layers of ionic liquids on various substrates in the context of supported ionic liquid catalysis. His results have significantly contributed to the present level of understanding in the field and accordingly he is author and coauthor of ten publications on the topic in high-ranked journals.

The encyclopedia consists 13 subareas as follows: 1: Synthesis and Characterisation of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Fu-Wei Li and Prof. Zhen Li) 2: Physicochemical Properties of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Asso. Prof. Qing Zhou, Prof. Xingmei Lu and Prof. Xiaoyan Ji) 3: Computational and Theoretical Modeling of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Guang Feng and Prof. Peter T. Cummings) 4: Toxicology and Biodegradation of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Chunxi Li and Prof. Stefan Stolte) 5: Ionic Liquids in Electrochemistry (Section Editors: Prof. Yingying Lu, Prof. Houlong Zhuang and Prof. Chuan Zhao) 6. Ionic Liquids in Organic Reaction (Section Editors: Prof. Liang-Nian He and Prof. Bhalchandra M. Bhanage) 7. Ionic Liquids in Separation (Section Editors: Prof. Huabin Xing) 8. Ionic Liquids in Biomass and Biomolecules (Section Editors: Prof. Toshiyuki Itoh and Prof. Jian Sun) 9. Ionic Liquids in Materials Science (Section Editors: Prof. Sheng Dai and Prof. Tao Wang) 10. Ionic Liquids in Polymer Science (Section Editors: Asso. Prof. Jinming Zhang and Prof. Jun Zhang) 11. Ionic Liquids in Environmental Science (Section Editors: Prof. Tiancheng Mu, Prof. Arunprakash T. Karunanithi and Prof. Yingxiong Wang) 12. Ionic Liquids in Green Chemistry (Section Editors: Prof. Buxing Han and Prof. Peter Licence) 13. Emerging Applications of Ionic Liquids (Pharmacology, Food Science, Agriculture, Nuclear Science Technology, Optics) (Section Editors: Prof. Zhonghao Li and Prof. Maya Guncheva) This encyclopedia is systematic and comprehensive, with detailed descriptions about theory, technology, and industrial applications. This encyclopedia is valuable for students, researchers and industrial players, giving them a quick understanding and overview of ionic liquids in various aspects.

Ionic Liquid-based Technologies for Environmental Sustainability explores the range of sustainable and green applications of IL materials achieved in recent years, such as gas solubility, biomass pre-treatment, bio-catalysis, energy storage, gas separation and purification technologies. The book also provides a reference material for future research in IL-based technologies for environmental and energy applications, which are much in-demand due to sustainable, reusable and eco-friendly methods for highly innovative and applied materials. Written by eminent scholars and leading experts from around the world, the book aims to cover the synthesis and characterization of broad range of ionic liquids and their sustainable applications. Chapters provide cutting-edge research with state-of-the-art developments, including the use of IL-based materials for the removal of pharmaceuticals, dyes and value-added metals. - Describes the fundamentals and major applications of ionic liquid materials - Covers up-to-date developments in novel applications of IL materials - Provides practical tips to aid researchers who work on ionic liquid applications