Over the last hundred years, in Africa and the United States, through a variety of religious encounters, some black African societies adopted – or perhaps rediscovered – a Judaic religious identity. African Zion grows out of a joined interest in these diversified encounters with Judaism, their common substrata and divergences, their exogenous or endogenous characteristics, the entry or re-entry of these people into the contemporary world as Jews and the necessity of reshaping the standard accounts of their collective experience. In various loci the bonds with Judaism of black Jews were often forged in the harshest circumstances and grew out of experiences of slavery, exile, colonial subjugation, political ethnic conflicts and apartheid. For the African peoples who identify as Jews and with other Jews, identification with biblical Israel assumes symbolical significance. This book presents the way in which the religious identification of African American Jews and African black Jews – “real”, ideal or imaginary – has been represented, conceptualized and reconfigured over the last century or so. These essays grow out of a concern to understand Black encounters with Judaism, Jews and putative Hebrew/Israelite origins and are intended to illuminate their developments in the medley of race, ethnicity, and religion of the African and African American religious experience. They reflect the geographical and historic mosaic of black Judaism, permeated as it is with different “meanings”, both contemporary and historical.

This Book: Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life: volume IV, Exodus, Part 1, is the first accurate account of the path of the Exodus based on genetic, enthnolinguistic, paleoanthropologic and archeological scientific proof. The book builds on the theme of the book series: Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life, that the Igbo are the Chosen People of God, the true Israelites (Igbo language: ḷ zara Eli, meaning 'you answered the Most High'). The question of who are the true Ancient Israelites has been settled with the science of population genetics. It has been shown conclusively that, the Igbo have L1 gene which is the Semite gene of Ancient Israelites. Human origins are traced through matrilineal genes, starting with the Eve gene called superhaplogroup L0. The three women who were theoretically wives of Shem, Ham and Japheth were L1, L2, and L3 haplogroups, respectively. These genes are called Nilotic genes because of their origins along the Nile (Igbo language: mmiri niile, meaning 'all the waters'). The Igbo were the original inhabitants of ancient Egypt (Igbo language: a gọ Ya, a pa atụ, meaning 'prays to God and carries out His instructions'), and were the Dynastic Pharaohs (Igbo language: e fere ọha, meaning 'your worship of the people'). The Igbo were the earlier inhabitants of Nubia (Owere dialect Igbo language: anị ibo, meaning 'the land of the mediators', as priests that mediate between God and humanity for the remission of sin). The Igbo that speak the Owere dialect lived Nubia or Lower Egypt while those that speak the Ọnịtcha dialect lived in Upper Egypt. The Igbo Egyptians were conquered by the Turkic and ancestors of Arabs, and then enslaved in their own land, as Hebrews (Igbo language: ọha e bu ụrụ ụwa, meaning 'the people who bear the wickedness of the world'). On the way to the Promised Land of Canaan (Igbo language: oke Nna, meaning 'the allotment of the Father'), they were formally ordained a nation of priests by God and called Igbo (Ọnịtcha dialect Igbo language: i gbo, meaning 'priests or mediators' between God and humanity for the remission of sin). The Igbo gene haplogroup is L1 dating 150,000 to 240,000 years. The L2 are genes of the people of Black Southern Sudan region, which dates 100,000 to 150,000 years; and L3 dates 70,000 to 100,000 years and comprise all other black people. The genes of the white people are M and N, and are mutations of L3, that dates back 6,000 to 12,000 years. The locations of the sites from Egypt across Lake Chad (Igbo language: Chi e du, meaning 'Almighty God leads'), Niger (Igbo language: anị agara, meaning 'the lands we passed through'), Cameroon (Igbo language: ọkụ a mịịrị ana, meaning 'the fire that was lit in the ground - Pillar of Fire') and finally Nigeria (Igbo language: Nga Orie, meaning 'the place of Almighty God') are to this day preserved in several caves in National parks. The book reveals the burial place of Moses (Igbo language: ọma isi ọsa, meaning 'the anointed head of the people') at Yankari (iyi ana ọkụ arịa, meaning 'land stream with hot funnels') National Park in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The Great Secrets of World Civilization have b

Biafra's declaration of independence on May 30, 1967, precipitated a civil war with important implications for the territorial integrity of all newly independent African states. Allegations of genocide commanded the world's attention and brought forth unprecedented humanitarian intervention. This full account of the internationalization of that conflict draws on hitherto confidential records and more than two hundred interviews with foreign policymakers, including Yakubu Gowon and C. Odumegwu Ojukwu. Originally published in 1977. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Dr. Ola Udah (literal meaning: Judahs offering or Judahs ornament) Equiano (possibly ekwe alu a) was right when he identified his Eboe people as presenting same manners and customs as the Israelites of the old times as illustrated in the book of Leviticus. This study attempts to be an evidence to this assertion. It is a product of a research that began since 1983 and is barely concluded in 2018. The reader would readily realize that the research on this topic has only begun. Changes, modifications, and even eliminations of manners and customs of people through the generations make continuation of this study inevitable. This would be especially expected when examining ancient cultural issues today. Although the study did not strictly begin as another attempt to prove the identity of the Ibos as the Jews enunciated in the Old Testament designation of the children of Jacob, it has however added a relevant credence to that fact. Some of the manners and customs examined include similarities in the use of words and meanings, ritual practices, beliefs, personal attributes, and aspirations that are common to the Eboe (Heeboe, Ibu, Ibo, Igbo) peoples and the ancient Israelites. The book is basically a call for individual and collective reinvention of Eboes (and indeed worldwide Jews) for collective survival in a hostile world. The book interprets a true present-day Hebrew as the true worshipper of the I am that I amthe G-d of our fathers who singled out Abraham and Jacob, our common ancestral fathers, and chose them for a mission to the world. The book finally suggests a version of Christianity centered on YeshuaJesus the Christand his message in the New Testament, a version of Christianity that would include relevant aspects of our omenala (law) among other recommendations. This is a book no one should ignore as it should be an eye-opener to the facts relevant to finding the solution to a long-standing identity crisis of the Eboe people.

The present volume, which is the 5th in the Nigerian Linguists Festschrift Series, is devoted to Professor Munzali A. Jibril, a celebrated icon in university administration, and an erudite Professor of English Linguistics. The title of this special edition was specifically chosen to crown Professor Jibril s academic prowess in both English and indigenous Nigerian languages, and to mark and laud his official departure from active university lectureship. 72 assessed papers are included from the many submitted. Papers cover the main theme of the volume, i.e. the interaction between English and indigenous Nigerian languages, and there are a number of papers on other secular areas of linguistics such as: language and history, language planning and policy, language documentation, language engineering, lexicography, translation, gender studies, language acquisition, language teaching and learning, pragmatics, discourse and conversational analysis, and literature in English and African languages. There is also a rich section devoted to the majwor traditional fields of linguistics - phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics.

Exodus - Set Free, Set Apart After 400 years in bondage, Israel cried out and God heard their cry and remembered His covenant promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This marks the beginning of an amazing story of God's deliverance from bondage through a man named Moses. Students will explore in depth God's call on Moses' life, God's holy judgments on Egypt, and His call on His people to personal holiness. Precept Ministries International's Inductive Bible Study Curriculum is designed for Christian education grades 6-12. The five studies focus on Old Testament leaders Abraham, Joseph, Moses, Joshua and several Judges: Abraham-A Journey of Faith Joseph-Surrendering to God's Sovereignty Exodus-Set Apart, Set Free Joshua-The Battle Begins Judges-A Deliverer Arises Each title has available a printed Student Workbook, a printed or digital Teacher Guide complete with answers to questions, and additional digital instructional materials. Digital materials are available at www.precept.org.

Many today find the Old Testament a closed book. The cultural issues seem insurmountable and we are easily baffled by that which seems obscure. Furthermore, without knowledge of the ancient culture we can easily impose our own culture on the text, potentially distorting it. This series invites you to enter the Old Testament with a company of guides, experts that will give new insights into these cherished writings. Features include • Over 2000 photographs, drawings, maps, diagrams and charts provide a visual feast that breathes fresh life into the text. • Passage-by-passage commentary presents archaeological findings, historical explanations, geographic insights, notes on manners and customs, and more. • Analysis into the literature of the ancient Near East will open your eyes to new depths of understanding both familiar and unfamiliar passages. • Written by an international team of 30 specialists, all top scholars in background studies.

No matter how many times you have read stories from the Bible, there is always something new to learn from the lives of its characters and the challenges they face. This is especially true for the book of Exodus, and this second Curious Student’s Guide will help your children glean new insights into the Exodus narrative. This book will guide your children to these lessons by first summarizing key stories from Exodus and then asking thought-provoking questions. Consider the following example: Every reader of Exodus knows that Moses is its hero, but how many are aware of Miriam’s heroism? Miriam is six years old when Moses is born. Very often, adults tell six-year-old children that they are too little to do this or that. But it is Miriam who approaches Pharaoh’s daughter after she pulls baby Moses from the river to ask, “Shall I go and get you a Hebrew woman to nurse the child for you?” How dare any slave, especially a child, speak to Pharaoh’s daughter and tell her what to do? Miriam dares, and by highlighting her bravery, this book challenges young readers to think about what they can accomplish by speaking up. With this Curious Student's Guide in hand, your children will discover similarly important life lessons they can apply to their own lives.