This thesis outlines the first synthesis of a new complex branched polymer architecture that aims to combine the benefits of dendrimers with the simplicity of conventional polymerisation. There is no other available literature on these remarkable materials, dubbed hyperbranched polydendrons, due to their novelty. The new materials were shown to have very high molecular weights (>1,000,000 g/mol), exceptional self-assembly and encapsulation behaviour and unparalleled functionalisation capabilities, and were studied pharmacologically to determine their potential as oral nanomedicine candidates. The detailed investigation of the chemical variables involved in synthesising hyperbranched polydendrons has shown that their self-assembly and pharmacological behaviour can be turned on and off and fine-tuned by altering the composition of the materials. The permeation of the self-assembled particles through model gut epithelium suggests the potential for oral dosing of drug loaded nanomedicines that result in circulating nanoparticles – a research goal that is currently being pursued by several groups around the globe.

Synthesizing the raw data needed for a wide variety of industrial applications, this work supplies up-to-date advanced in research on star, hyperbranched and dendritic polymers. It provides detailed descriptions of the size and shape of the molecules that make up these polymers, as well as their biological advances, low viscosity in solution and substrate-holding properties.

An overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, characterization and applications of dendrimers and other complex dendritic architectures.

Nanostructures for Novel Therapy: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications focuses on the fabrication and characterization of therapeutic nanostructures, in particular, synthesis, design, and in vitro and in vivo therapeutic evaluation. The chapters provide a cogent overview of recent therapeutic applications of nanostructured materials that includes applications of nanostructured materials for wound healing in plastic surgery and stem cell therapy. The book explores the promise for more effective therapy through the use of nanostructured materials, while also assessing the challenges their use might pose from both an economic and medicinal point of view. This innovative look at how nanostructured materials are used in therapeutics will be of great benefit to researchers, providing a greater understanding of the different ways nanomaterials could improve medical treatment, along with a discussion of the obstacles that need to be overcome in order to guarantee widespread availability. - Outlines how the characteristics of nanostructures made from different materials gives particular properties that can be successfully used in therapeutics - Compares the properties of different nanostructures, allowing medicinal chemists and engineers to select which are most appropriate for their needs - Highlights new uses of nanostructures within the therapeutic field, enabling the discovery of new, more effective drugs

The opportunities and challenges of using dendrimers to improve drug delivery Among pharmaceutical and biomedical researchers, the use of dendrimers in drug delivery systems has attracted increasing interest. In particular, researchers have noted that the volume of a dendrimer increases when it has a positive charge. If this property can be applied effectively, dendrimers have enormous potential in drug delivery systems, directly supplying medication to targeted human organs. With contributions from an international team of pioneers and experts in dendrimer research, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research efforts in designing and optimizing dendrimer-based drug delivery systems. The book analyzes key issues, demonstrating the critical connections that link fundamental concepts, design, synthesis, analytical methodology, and biological assessment to the practical use of dendrimers in drug delivery applications. Topics covered include: Dendrimer history Synthesis Physicochemical properties Principles of drug delivery Applications in diverse biomedical fields Dendrimer-Based Drug Delivery Systems reflects the authors' thorough review and analysis of the current literature as well as their own firsthand experience in the lab. Readers will not only discover the current state of the science, but also gain valuable insights into fruitful directions for future research. References at the end of each chapter serve as a gateway to the growing body of literature in the field, enabling readers to explore each individual topic in greater depth. Pharmaceutical and biomedical researchers will find this book a unique and essential guide to the opportunities, issues, and challenges involved in fully exploiting the potential of dendrimers to improve drug delivery.

This thesis outlines the first synthesis of a new complex branched polymer architecture that aims to combine the benefits of dendrimers with the simplicity of conventional polymerisation. There is no other available literature on these remarkable materials, dubbed hyperbranched polydendrons, due to their novelty. The new materials were shown to have very high molecular weights (>1,000,000 g/mol), exceptional self-assembly and encapsulation behaviour and unparalleled functionalisation capabilities, and were studied pharmacologically to determine their potential as oral nanomedicine candidates. The detailed investigation of the chemical variables involved in synthesising hyperbranched polydendrons has shown that their self-assembly and pharmacological behaviour can be turned on and off and fine-tuned by altering the composition of the materials. The permeation of the self-assembled particles through model gut epithelium suggests the potential for oral dosing of drug loaded nanomedicines that result in circulating nanoparticles - a research goal that is currently being pursued by several groups around the globe.

Heterogeneous Systems Architecture - a new compute platform infrastructure presents a next-generation hardware platform, and associated software, that allows processors of different types to work efficiently and cooperatively in shared memory from a single source program. HSA also defines a virtual ISA for parallel routines or kernels, which is vendor and ISA independent thus enabling single source programs to execute across any HSA compliant heterogeneous processer from those used in smartphones to supercomputers. The book begins with an overview of the evolution of heterogeneous parallel processing, associated problems, and how they are overcome with HSA. Later chapters provide a deeper perspective on topics such as the runtime, memory model, queuing, context switching, the architected queuing language, simulators, and tool chains. Finally, three real world examples are presented, which provide an early demonstration of how HSA can deliver significantly higher performance thru C++ based applications. Contributing authors are HSA Foundation members who are experts from both academia and industry. Some of these distinguished authors are listed here in alphabetical order: Yeh-Ching Chung, Benedict R. Gaster, Juan Gómez-Luna, Derek Hower, Lee Howes, Shih-Hao HungThomas B. Jablin, David Kaeli,Phil Rogers, Ben Sander, I-Jui (Ray) Sung. - Provides clear and concise explanations of key HSA concepts and fundamentals by expert HSA Specification contributors - Explains how performance-bound programming algorithms and application types can be significantly optimized by utilizing HSA hardware and software features - Presents HSA simply, clearly, and concisely without reading the detailed HSA Specification documents - Demonstrates ideal mapping of processing resources from CPUs to many other heterogeneous processors that comply with HSA Specifications

Hybrid Polymer Composite Materials: Volume 1: Structure and Chemistry presents the latest on these composite materials that can best be described as materials that are comprised of synthetic polymers and biological/inorganic/organic derived constituents. The combination of unique properties that emerge as a consequence of the particular arrangement and interactions between the different constituents provides immense opportunities for advanced material technologies. This series of four volumes brings an interdisciplinary effort to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications, and performance of these advanced materials, with this volume focusing on their structure and chemistry. - Provides a clear understanding of the present state-of-the-art and the growing utility of hybrid polymer composite materials - Includes contributions from world renowned experts and discusses the combination of different kinds of materials procured from diverse resources - Discusses their synthesis, chemistry, processing, fundamental properties, and applications - Provides insights on the potential of hybrid polymer composite materials for advanced applications