Within the emerging Latin American consensus on development, human resource investments are considered essential for reducing poverty and integrating economic growth and social reform. Investing in people enables work forces to adapt to rapidly changing markets and share in the benefits of economic growth. Human Resources in Latin America and the Caribbean examines investments across the region in education, training, health and nutrition. The book points to the impact of human resource investment on productivity and income distribution, and examines how changes in human resource policies - particularly those affecting the delivery of social services - could substantially improve returns in several key areas of development. Although a survey finds Latin America's human resources fare relatively well by international comparison - with high investment levels in some countries associated historically with good macroeconomic performance - important gaps and inadequate investment in recent years are cause for concern.

Presenting a rigorous analysis of HRM trends and strategies in Latin America for academics and professionals, this text provides a general overview, highlights regional characteristics, analyzes the challenges faced and explores key cultural issues of human resources in Latin America.

This collection of papers was presented at the World Bank Conference on 'Civil service reform in Latin America and the Caribbean', held in 1993. The goal of the conference was to promote the flow of ideas among researchers and practitioners in the civil s

This report provides a status update on the human resources for health (HRH) sub-system in six Latin American and Caribbean countries: Colombia, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay. The report structures its discussion around how the health workforce is financed, organized, managed, regulated, and performing. In the area of financing, the study presents the variety of contracting mechanisms, salary levels, and financial incentives offered across the countries and their role in being able to attract and retain health workers. On the organization of the HRH sub-system, the report looks at the skill-mix, training, and distribution of health care workers concluding that although the countries have made progress towards achieving key HRH targets and in making education more accessible, there continues to be limited absorption capacity for graduates, the Primary Health Care focus of training programs needs to be strengthened, and strategies to encourage rural service have not been able to fully address the gap in the distribution of health workers. In reviewing management strategies for HRH, the report presents how all countries have adopted the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel to recognize foreign-trained professionals to help address shortages and fill gaps of health worker presence in rural, remote areas. However, the countries continue to struggle with putting self-sufficiency policies in place to meet HRH needs such as the lack of promotion plans, limited non-monetary incentives, and the shortage of personnel for recruitment and eventual placement. In the area of regulation, the report presents the countries' efforts to reduce precarious employment and introduce HRH safety policies and legislation to regulate disputes and negotiations. On performance, the report found mixed results in the areas of access/availability to health workers and quality of care, factors discouraging dual practice, and unjustified absenteeism of health workers.

The need for research in Human Resources Management is vast in the geographic North, Central American and Caribbean countries that include Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama and Puerto Rico. In this chapter, we document a systematic review of the literature that identifies 111 HRM articles published since 1990 about these nations to show the state of the discipline, detect gaps and recommend courses of action. Among our main findings, this review shows that Mexico is the nation with the largest coverage (73.9% of studies), followed by Costa Rica (11.7%), Nicaragua (10.8%), Honduras (7.2%), Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala (6.3 each), Panama (5.4%), Puerto Rico (3.6%), Jamaica (2.7%), and finally, Belize and Haiti (0.9% each). The large gaps in coverage signal the need to extend research on all HRM subfields to Central American and Caribbean nations. We also found that excluding studies in Spanish and French would have severely constrained our contribution; many research lacunae become evident by inspecting our thematic groupings of the extant literature.

Latin America today presents a dynamic but challenging business landscape. Although foreign investment in the region has risen, Asia’s increasing role in the global economy is a challenge to Latin America’s competitiveness. At the same time, Translatina firms – Latin American trans-national companies – continue to grow in capital and influence. This original collection explores the tensions between the strategic HRM policies demanded by global competition and local approaches rooted in Latin American cultural values. The book uses a selection of real-life case studies, plus quantitative data, to understand the unique challenges of human resource management in Latin America, exploring: the relationship between political, economic and social forces and HR practices lessons from successful HRM practices in the region the role of HRM practices for business strategy in Latin America national development and HRM practices diverse specific social and cultural contexts. Written by regional-based academics with intimate knowledge of the cultural and business landscapes, this is an important reading for students of human resource management, and business and management

Law and Employment analyzes the effects of regulation and deregulation on Latin American labor markets and presents empirically grounded studies of the costs of regulation. Numerous labor regulations that were introduced or reformed in Latin America in the past thirty years have had important economic consequences. Nobel Prize-winning economist James J. Heckman and Carmen Pagés document the behavior of firms attempting to stay in business and be competitive while facing the high costs of complying with these labor laws. They challenge the prevailing view that labor market regulations affect only the distribution of labor incomes and have little or no impact on efficiency or the performance of labor markets. Using new micro-evidence, this volume shows that labor regulations reduce labor market turnover rates and flexibility, promote inequality, and discriminate against marginal workers. Along with in-depth studies of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Jamaica, and Trinidad, Law and Employment provides comparative analysis of Latin American economies against a range of European countries and the United States. The book breaks new ground by quantifying not only the cost of regulation in Latin America, the Caribbean, and in the OECD, but also the broader impact of this regulation.

This volume reports on the status and evolution of human opportunity in Latin America and the Caribbean by tracking equity in access to key services using newly-available data.