Contributed articles.

The circulation of books was the motor of classical civilization. However, books were both expensive and rare, and so libraries - private and public, royal and civic - played key roles in articulating intellectual life. This collection, written by an international team of scholars, presents a fundamental reassessment of how ancient libraries came into being, how they were organized and how they were used. Drawing on papyrology and archaeology, and on accounts written by those who read and wrote in them, it presents new research on reading cultures, on book collecting and on the origins of monumental library buildings. Many of the traditional stories told about ancient libraries are challenged. Few were really enormous, none were designed as research centres, and occasional conflagrations do not explain the loss of most ancient texts. But the central place of libraries in Greco-Roman culture emerges more clearly than ever.

Festschrift honoring M.N. Ramakrishnan Nayar, b. 1929, professor and head, Dept. of Library and Information Science, University of Kerala, on his superannuation in 1989; comprises papers presented at a seminar, Trivandrum, 1989.

This Book Presents Information About The Premier Oriental Libraries Of India And Brings Together Details About Their Collections. It Will Be Specially Useful For Researchers In Oriental Disciplines And History, Students Of Library And Information Science, Library Professionals And All Those Persons Who Have Interest In Rare And Invaluable Manuscripts.

The main feature of the book is which library is beneficial for the user especially in the Indian scenario. Public libraries or electronic librariesboth libraries work. A public library working under the Directorate of Public Instruction (DPI) and an e-library were established under the Sarve Shiksha Mission under the project of GIAN (General Information Access Network) in 2002. The study gave comprehensive information about both libraries and also compared different areas and gave historical background on public libraries in India and also electronic libraries. Which types of collection are available, the status of manpower, infrastructure, services provided to the user, and other related areas and uses by both libraries gave some suggestions to improve the present conditions of existing libraries.