Successful development of effective computational systems is a challenge for IT developers across sectors due to uncertainty issues that are inherently present within computational problems. Soft computing proposes one such solution to the problem of uncertainty through the application of generalized set structures including fuzzy sets, rough sets, and multisets. The Handbook of Research on Generalized and Hybrid Set Structures and Applications for Soft Computing presents double blind peer-reviewed and original research on soft computing applications for solving problems of uncertainty within the computing environment. Emphasizing essential concepts on generalized and hybrid set structures that can be applied across industries for complex problem solving, this timely resource is essential to engineers across disciplines, researchers, computer scientists, and graduate-level students.

Nature-inspired computation is an interdisciplinary topic area that connects the natural sciences to computer science. Since natural computing is utilized in a variety of disciplines, it is imperative to research its capabilities in solving optimization issues. The Handbook of Research on Natural Computing for Optimization Problems discusses nascent optimization procedures in nature-inspired computation and the innovative tools and techniques being utilized in the field. Highlighting empirical research and best practices concerning various optimization issues, this publication is a comprehensive reference for researchers, academicians, students, scientists, and technology developers interested in a multidisciplinary perspective on natural computational systems.

Neutrosophic theory and its applications have been expanding in all directions at an astonishing rate especially after of the introduction the journal entitled “Neutrosophic Sets and Systems”. New theories, techniques, algorithms have been rapidly developed. One of the most striking trends in the neutrosophic theory is the hybridization of neutrosophic set with other potential sets such as rough set, bipolar set, soft set, hesitant fuzzy set, etc. The different hybrid structures such as rough neutrosophic set, single valued neutrosophic rough set, bipolar neutrosophic set, single valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set, etc. are proposed in the literature in a short period of time. Neutrosophic set has been an important tool in the application of various areas such as data mining, decision making, e-learning, engineering, medicine, social science, and some more.

This unique collection of research papers offers a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to algebraic approaches to rough sets and reasoning with vagueness. It bridges important gaps, outlines intriguing future research directions, and connects algebraic approaches to rough sets with those for other forms of approximate reasoning. In addition, the book reworks algebraic approaches to axiomatic granularity. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers and teachers in the areas of rough sets and algebras of rough sets, algebraic logic, non classical logic, fuzzy sets, possibility theory, formal concept analysis, computational learning theory, category theory, and other formal approaches to vagueness and approximate reasoning. Consultants in AI and allied fields will also find the book to be of great practical value.

“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc.

Neutrosophic theory and its applications have been expanding in all directions at an astonishing rate especially after of the introduction the journal entitled “Neutrosophic Sets and Systems”. New theories, techniques, algorithms have been rapidly developed. One of the most striking trends in the neutrosophic theory is the hybridization of neutrosophic set with other potential sets such as rough set, bipolar set, soft set, hesitant fuzzy set, etc. The different hybrid structures such as rough neutrosophic set, single valued neutrosophic rough set, bipolar neutrosophic set, single valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set, etc. are proposed in the literature in a short period of time. Neutrosophic set has been an important tool in the application of various areas such as data mining, decision making, e-learning, engineering, medicine, social science, and some more.

This volume is a collection of seventeen papers, written by different authors and co-authors (listed in the order of the papers): F. Smarandache, K. Bhutani, M. Kumar, G. Garg, S. Aggarwal, P. Biswas, S. Pramanik, B. C. Giri, J. Ye, A. Mukherjee, M. Datta, S. Sarkar, N. Shah, M. K. EL Gayyar, S. K. Patro, B. C. Cuong, P. H. Phong, A. A. Salama, I. M. Hanafy, H. Elghawalby and M. S. Dabash, R. Roy, P. Das, D. Mandal, Santhi R., Udhayarani N., F. Yuhua, S. A. Akinleye, A.A.A. Agboola, and J. Chen.

The use of fuzzy logic has become prominent in a variety of fields and applications. By implementing these logic sets, problems and uncertainties are more effectively resolved. Emerging Research on Applied Fuzzy Sets and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Matrices is a pivotal reference source for the latest scholarly perspectives on the interdisciplinary use of fuzzy logic theory, focusing on the application of sets and matrices. Highlighting theoretical framework and empirical research findings, this book is ideally designed for academics, practitioners, upper-level students, and professionals interested in an innovative overview of fuzzy logic sets and matrices.

This book offers a self-contained guide to the theory and main applications of soft sets. It introduces readers to the basic concepts, the algebraic and topological structures, as well as hybrid structures, such as fuzzy soft sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets. The last part of the book explores a range of interesting applications in the fields of decision-making, pattern recognition, and data science. All in all, the book provides graduate students and researchers in mathematics and various applied science fields with a comprehensive and timely reference guide to soft sets.

A collection of papers from multiple authors. In 2019 and 2020 Smarandache [1, 2, 3, 4] generalized the classical Algebraic Structures to NeutroAlgebraic Structures (or NeutroAlgebras) {whose operations and axioms are partially true, partially indeterminate, and partially false} as extensions of Partial Algebra, and to AntiAlgebraic Structures (or AntiAlgebras) {whose operations and axioms are totally false}. The NeutroAlgebras & AntiAlgebras are a new field of research, which is inspired from our real world. In classical algebraic structures, all axioms are 100%, and all operations are 100% well-defined, but in real life, in many cases these restrictions are too harsh, since in our world we have things that only partially verify some laws or some operations. Using the process of NeutroSophication of a classical algebraic structure we produce a NeutroAlgebra, while the process of AntiSophication of a classical algebraic structure produces an AntiAlgebra.