These guidelines apply to the life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of high-volume roadways, all freeways & 400 series highways, and all concrete pavements in Ontario. Information is included on the nature of LCCA; the components of LCCA including discount rate, service life & activity timing, cost factors, and deterministic versus probabilistic LCCA; alternative bid criteria in the process for freeway paving contracts; and the Ministry of Transportation LCCA procedure for flexible & rigid freeway pavements. Recommended service lives and typical preventive & rehabilitation strategies & timings for the two main freeway designs (deep strength asphalt pavement and doweled jointed plain concrete pavement) are summarized in the guidelines. Appendices include example calculations.

Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is an engineering economic analysis tool useful in comparing the relative merit of competing pavement design alternatives. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation shares their experience with LCCA.

The key areas of life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and whole life costing (WLC) are exemplified in this volume with accounts of their application to housing stock, a community hydroelectric power system, various aspects of highway infrastructure, and corrosion protective coatings. Sustainable construction and design requires more than compliance with safety requirements and economic constraints; there is also the impact on the environment, the surrounding population, and users of the infrastructure. This requires a multidimensional perspective of sustainability to be considered in life cycle costing (LCC) combining current design criteria with these other aspects. It has become increasingly important to understand the full costs of civil engineering infrastructure, and the main sources of cost, along the whole supply chain and to identify cost reduction opportunities. The conventional procurement approach without the integration of probabilistic life cycle cost modelling induces substantial long-term maintenance costs. Once deterioration and life cycle cost models have been established, appropriate partnership procurement strategies, associated financing methods, and determination of the project period can be developed. LCC includes the cost of planning, design, acquisition, operation, maintenance, and disposal of buildings and other construction assets, while WLC additionally includes incomes and other costs such as non-construction costs and externalities. In whole life costing, social, environmental, or business costs or benefits are considered as externalities and care must be taken not to double count the impacts when WLC is used together with LCCA. The international examples included in this book illustrate practically the methodology of life cycle costing and the application of life cycle cost analysis to identify the most appropriate method for assessing the relative merits of competing project implementation alternatives.

This report provides an outline for the engineer seeking to conduct a Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) in pavement design and selection. The guidance, recommendations, and default values provided here were collected from 10 years of paving projects. Most of these projects were constructed or rehabilitated in the mid 1980s in order to evaluate the current design and construction practices in the State of Colorado. At this time, the Colorado Department of Transportation uses a deterministic approach to the LCCA and is researching the move toward a probabilistic LCCA.

This Interim Technical Bulletin recommends procedures for conducting Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) of pavements, provides detailed procedures to determine work zone user costs, and introduces a probabilistic approach to account for the uncertainty associated with LCCA inputs.

The construction industry is becoming increasingly aware of the need to adopt a holistic approach to the design, building, and disposal of structures. With 60 per cent of the total construction budget in most developed countries being spent on repair and maintenance, there is an obvious need to design for reliability and durability, with more carefully planned maintenance and repair schedules. One important facet is to look at how costs are distributed and spent during the lifetime of a structure: an approach known as life cycle costing, which has the ultimate aim of minimising total lifetime expenditure. As an example, choosing an inexpensive coating for steelwork may require maintenance every three years, whereas a coating which is more expensive may require repairing only once per decade. It is a question of balance - taking the lifetime costs of the structure into consideration. This new book provides an insight into how whole life costing is affecting our approach to designing, building, maintaining and disposing of structures. The book is written for consulting engineers in the fields of civil and structural engineering, building designers, architects, quantity surveyors, refurbishing specialists, as well as practising civil and structural engineers engaged in planning, design, construction, repair and refurbishment of structures.

The 9th Highway and Urban Environment Symposium (9HUES) was held in Madrid, Spain, from 9-11 June 2008. HUES is run by Chalmers University of Technology within the Alliance for Global Sustainability (The AGS). HUES was initiated by Professor Ron Hamilton at Middlesex Polytechnic (now University) in the early 1980s and had the title "Highway Pollution". The initial aim was to measure and assess challenges in highway pollution, with a strong emphasis on urban photochemical smog, ozone formation and particle release. After the first symposium, the emphasis on air pollution issues continued through to Munich in 1989 where diesel particulate issues and the relevance to health through measurements of PM10 emerged. The focus on air quality issues was also strengthened. In parallel, the symposium started to receive an increasing number of scientific contributions from the area of urban run off, indeed to the extent that the title of the symposium was changed to "Highway and Urban Pollution". Since then the importance of science in support of policy became increasingly important as a key aspect of the symposium. 9HUES was held at TRANSyT- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain to provide a professional and scientific forum on global examples of the science required to support pathways to a positive and sustainable future in the highway and urban environment.