This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Text extracted from opening pages of book: GROVER CLEVELAND THE MAN AND THE STATESMAN An Authorized Biography BY ROBERT MCELROY, PH. D., LL. D., F. R. H. S. EDWARDS PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN HISTORY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY VOLUME II HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS NEW YORK AND LONDON MCMXXIII CONTENTS VOLUME II CKAWtt I. THE FIRST BATTLE WITH BRYAN- HE REPEAL OF THE SHERMAN LAW i II. BLOCKING MANIFEST DESTINY IN HAWAII ... 45 III. BREAKING THE ENDLESS CHAIN- THE FOUR BOND ISSUES 74 IV. THE WILSON-GORMAN TARIFF 107 V. THE PULLMAN STRIKE OF 1894 138 VI, THE VENEZUELAN AFFAIR 173 VII. THE WARWICK OF 1896 203 VIII. THE FOUR LEAN MONTHS 238 IX. RETIRES TO PRINCETON 256 X. WATCHING THE GAME FROM THE SIDE LINES . . .271 XI. THE TURN OF THE TIDE 301 XII. THE ELECTION OF 1904 321 XIII. REORGANIZING THE EQUITABLE 350 XIV. SUNSET DAYS 365 INDEX 417 GROVER CLEVELAND THE MAN AND THE STATESMAN GROVER CLEVELAND CHAPTER I THE FIRST BATTLE WITH BRYAN THE REPEAL OF THE SHERMAN LAW Patriotism is no substitute for a sound currency GROVER CLEVELAND. THE election of November, 1892, placed Grover Cleveland in a position unique in American his tory. He was the only President ever re-elected after a defeat. Furthermore, he was the first President-elect since 1840 who was manifestly a greater political figure than any man whom he could conceivably select for his Cabinet Harrison and Tyler had been outclassed by many leaders in their own party. James K. Polk had his Wil liam L. Marcy, his Robert J. Walker, his George Ban croft; Zachary Taylor, his John M. Clayton, Reverdy Johnson, and Thomas Ewing; Franklin Pierce, to his own generation, looked small beside Marcy, Guthrie, and Caleb Gushing; and James Buchanan was clearlyeclipsed by Lewis Cass. Lincoln started his presidential career with both Seward and Chase to overshadow him. Andrew Johnson was outclassed in the public mind by most of the Cabinet which he inherited from Lincoln. Grant, though eminent as a soldier, was politically of small stature beside Elihu Washburn or Hamilton Fish. Hayes was dwarfed by Evarts, Sherman, and Carl 2 GROVER CLEVELAND Schurz. Elaine, as Secretary of State, completely over topped both Garfield and Arthur, while Cleveland him self in 1884 was far less eminent than either Tilden or Thomas F. Bayard. But with Grover Cleveland's resto ration, the older and better tradition was resumed, for, with the single exception of Monroe's first term, every administration down to that of William Henry Harri son had begun with a President more eminent than any of his advisers. In addition to this personal prestige, Mr. Cleveland returned to power with the added advantage of being the first President since Pierce whose party was in a posi tion to control both Senate and Congress. During his first term Congress had been Democratic; but the Re publicans had controlled the Senate, and from that strong hold had wrought havoc upon many of his cherished plans. Now, however, for a brief but satisfying period, he found himself riding the crest of the wave, his tri umphant party eagerly hailing him chief, and even the Republicans admitting that he had qualities. In the House of Representatives he was entitled to expect the support of two hundred and nineteen out of a membership of three hundred and fifty-five, with one seat vacant. Out of a Senate of eighty-eight the Demo crats numbered forty-four, while the three seats yet to be filled gavethem hope of a majority, especially as the five Populist Senators might reasonably be expected to train with them. To all appearances, therefore, Mr. Cleveland could count upon the support of both Houses, and but for the break in his own party when the testing time came, he might have commanded the storm for many a day. When ready to choose his Cabinet, Mr. Cleveland felt it wise to select new men who would bring new points THE FIRST BATTLE WITH BRYAN 3 of view and new suggestions to bear upon the problems confronting the country. And so, while freely seeking the p

In Polk, Walter R. Borneman gives us the first complete and authoritative biography of a president often overshadowed in image but seldom outdone in accomplishment. James K. Polk occupied the White House for only four years, from 1845 to 1849, but he plotted and attained a formidable agenda: He fought for and won tariff reductions, reestablished an independent Treasury, and, most notably, brought Texas into the Union, bluffed Great Britain out of the lion’s share of Oregon, and wrested California and much of the Southwest from Mexico. On reflection, these successes seem even more impressive, given the contentious political environment of the time. In this unprecedented, long-overdue warts-and-all look at Polk’s life and career, we have a portrait of an expansionist president and decisive statesman who redefined the country he led, and we are reminded anew of the true meaning of presidential accomplishment and resolve.

A biography of the only president to be elected to non-consecutive terms reveals a tough, honest, courageous leader who took responsibility for his actions and wasn't afraid to take on corruption where he saw it.

In The Statesman as Thinker, Daniel J. Mahoney provides thoughtful and elegant portraits of statesmen who struggled to preserve freedom during times of crisis: Cicero using all the powers of rhetoric to preserve republican liberty in Rome against Caesar’s encroaching autocracy; Burke defending ordered liberty against Jacobin tyranny in revolutionary France; Tocqueville defending liberty and human dignity against blind reaction, democratic impatience, and revolutionary fanaticism; Lincoln preserving the American republic and putting an end to chattel slavery; Churchill defending liberty and law and opposing Nazi and Communist despotism; de Gaulle defending the honor of France during World War II; and Havel fighting Communism before 1989 and then leading the Czech Republic with dignity and grace. Mahoney makes sense of the mixture of magnanimity and moderation that defines the statesman as thinker at his or her best. That admirable mixture of greatness, courage, and moderation owes much to classical and Christian wisdom and to the noble desire to protect the inheritance of civilization against rapacious and destructive despotic regimes and ideologies.

“There is much to praise in this extensively researched book, which is certainly one of the finest biographies of a sadly underrated man. . . . [Kaplan is] a master historian and biographer. . . . If he could read this biography, Adams would be satisfied that he had been fairly dealt with at last.” —Carol Berkin, Washington Post In this fresh and illuminating biography, Fred Kaplan, the acclaimed author of Lincoln, brings into focus the dramatic life of John Quincy Adams—the little-known and much-misunderstood sixth president of the United States and the first son of John and Abigail Adams—and reveals how Adams' inspiring, progressive vision guided his life and helped shape the course of America. Kaplan draws on a trove of unpublished archival material to trace Adams' evolution from his childhood during the Revolutionary War to his brilliant years as Secretary of State to his time in the White House and beyond. He examines Adams' myriad sides: the public and private man, the statesman and writer, the wise thinker and passionate advocate, the leading abolitionist and fervent federalist. In these ways, Adams was a predecessor of Lincoln and, later, FDR and Obama. This sweeping biography makes clear how Adams' forward-thinking values, his definition of leadership, and his vision for the nation's future is as much about twenty-first-century America as it is about Adams' own time. Meticulously researched and masterfully written, John Quincy Adams paints a rich portrait of this brilliant leader and his vision for a young nation.

Veteran political journalist Scott Farris tells the stories of legendary presidential also-rans, from Henry Clay to Stephen Douglas, from William Jennings Bryan to Thomas Dewey, and from Adlai Stevenson to Al Gore. He also includes concise profiles of every major candidate nominated for president who never reached the White House but who helped promote the success of American democracy. Farris explains how Barry Goldwater achieved the party realignment that had eluded FDR, how George McGovern paved the way for Barack Obama, and how Ross Perot changed the way all presidential candidates campaign. There is Al Smith, the first Catholic nominee for president; and Adlai Stevenson, the candidate of the "eggheads" who remains the beau ideal of a liberal statesman. And Farris explores the potential legacies of recent runners-up John Kerry and John McCain. The book also includes compact and evocative portraits of such men as John C. Fremont, the first Republican Party presidential candidate; and General Winfield Scott, whose loss helped guarantee the Union victory in the Civil War. This new edition of Almost President brings the work up-to-date with a section that explores the results and ramifications of the 2012 presidential election.