Green communication has emerged as one of the most important research topics for radio systems. This leads us to develop an energy-efficient mechanism which adjusts transmission power according to the traffic load and reduces the energy per bit usage. For the vision of Europe 2020 as a smart, sustainable and inclusive economy to become reality, the EU have set forth the 20:20:20 targets by which greenhouse gas emissions and energy reduction of primary use should be reduced by 20% while 20% of energy consumption should come from renewable resources. In fact, in today's energy-conscious society, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) accounts for 2% of the global CO2 emissions. A medium-sized cellular network uses as much energy as 170,000 homes, while the cost of powering the existing BSs accounts for a staggering 50% of a service provider's overall expenses. Therefore, new solutions are required whereby operators can accommodate additional traffic volume whilst reducing their investment in new infrastructure and beyond that significantly reduces their energy bill. Moreover, the EU political agenda, in unison with expected growth in mobile data, has identified cost and energy per bit reduction as a stringent design requirement for mobile networks of the future. Green Communication for 4G Wireless Systems mainly covers energy efficient techniques in physical, MAC and network layers. Cross-layer energy efficiency optimization in time and frequency has been also discussed with two fundamental tradeoffs, energy efficiency and spectral efficiency. This technical introduction to Green Communication in 4G wireless systems, explaining the rather complex standards (3GPP Releases R10 and R11), is a must-read for engineers, decision-makers and students interested in Green Communication, as well as other researchers and scientists from this evolving field.

This book gives a comprehensive guide on the fundamental concepts, applications, algorithms, protocols, new trends and challenges, and research results in the area of Green Information and Communications Systems. It is an invaluable resource giving knowledge on the core and specialized issues in the field, making it highly suitable for both the new and experienced researcher in this area. Key Features: - Core research topics of green information and communication systems are covered from a network design perspective, giving both theoretical and practical perspectives - Provides a unified covering of otherwise disperse selected topics on green computing, information, communication and networking - Includes a set of downloadable PowerPoint slides and glossary of terms for each chapter - A 'whose-who' of international contributors - Extensive bibliography for enhancing further knowledge Coverage includes: - Smart grid technologies and communications - Spectrum management - Cognitive and autonomous radio systems - Computing and communication architectures - Data centres - Distributed networking - Cloud computing - Next generation wireless communication systems - 4G access networking - Optical core networks - Cooperation transmission - Security and privacy - Core research topics of green information and communication systems are covered from a network design perspective, giving both a theoretical and practical perspective - A 'whose-who' of international contributors - Extensive bibliography for enhancing further knowledge

The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environmentsMeasurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networksKey issues in Vehicle (V2X) communicationWireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access NetworksDefinitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniquesRecent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communicationsPhysical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testing

Green communications is a very hot topic. As mobile networks evolve in terms of higher rates/throughput, a consequent impact on operating costs is due to (aggregate) network energy consumption. As such, design on 4G networks and beyond have increasingly started to focus on `energy efficiency’ or so-called ‘green’ networks. Many techniques and solutions have been proposed to enhance the energy efficiency of mobile networks, yet no book has provided an in-depth analysis of the energy consumption issues in mobile networks nor has detailed theories, tools and solutions for solving the energy efficiency problems. This book presents the techniques and solutions for enhancing energy efficiency of future mobile networks, and consists of three major parts. The first part presents a general description of mobile network evolution in terms of both capacity and energy efficiency. The second part discusses the advanced techniques to green mobile networks. The third part discusses the solutions that enhance mobile network energy efficiency as well as provides future directions. Whilst the reader is expected to have basic knowledge of wireless communications, the authors present a brief introduction of the evolution of mobile networks, providing the knowledge base for understanding the content of the book. In addition, complicated network problems are illustrated using simple examples. This will help the reader understand the concept and intuition of various techniques and solutions. Incorporates the latest research results from both academia and industry, providing an up-to-date overview of existing technologies and solutions on making mobile networks greener Consists of three sections with a gradually increasing technical depth on green mobile networks, providing the reader with a systematic view of the research area, and helping those with different technical backgrounds to better understand the content Covers existing enabling technologies for green mobile networking, including an innovative discussion of state-of-the-art solutions and algorithms

This practically-oriented, all-inclusive guide covers all the major enabling techniques for current and next-generation cellular communications and wireless networking systems. Technologies covered include CDMA, OFDM, UWB, turbo and LDPC coding, smart antennas, wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, MIMO, and cognitive radios, providing readers with everything they need to master wireless systems design in a single volume. Uniquely, a detailed introduction to the properties, design, and selection of RF subsystems and antennas is provided, giving readers a clear overview of the whole wireless system. It is also the first textbook to include a complete introduction to speech coders and video coders used in wireless systems. Richly illustrated with over 400 figures, and with a unique emphasis on practical and state-of-the-art techniques in system design, rather than on the mathematical foundations, this book is ideal for graduate students and researchers in wireless communications, as well as for wireless and telecom engineers.

Bio-inspired computation, especially those based on swarm intelligence, has become increasingly popular in the last decade. Bio-Inspired Computation in Telecommunications reviews the latest developments in bio-inspired computation from both theory and application as they relate to telecommunications and image processing, providing a complete resource that analyzes and discusses the latest and future trends in research directions. Written by recognized experts, this is a must-have guide for researchers, telecommunication engineers, computer scientists and PhD students.

This book provides a comprehensive view of green communications considering all areas of ICT including wireless and wired networks. It analyses particular concepts and practices, addressing holistic approaches in future networks considering a system perspective. It makes full use of tables, illustrations, performance graphs, case studies and examples making it accessible for a wide audience.

Fully revised and updated version of the successful "AdvancedWireless Communications" Wireless communications continue to attract the attention ofboth research community and industry. Since the first edition waspublished significant research and industry activities have broughtthe fourth generation (4G) of wireless communications systemscloser to implementation and standardization. "Advanced Wireless Communications" continues to provide acomparative study of enabling technologies for 4G. This secondedition has been revised and updated and now includes additionalinformation on the components of common air interface, includingthe area of space time coding , multicarrier modulation especiallyOFDM, MIMO, cognitive radio and cooperative transmission. Ideal for students and engineers in research and development inthe field of wireless communications, the second edition ofAdvanced Wireless Communications also gives an understanding tocurrent approaches for engineers in telecomm operators, governmentand regulatory institutions. New features include: Brand new chapter covering linear precoding in MIMO channelsbased on convex optimization theory. Material based on game theory modelling encompassing problemsof adjacent cell interference, flexible spectra sharing andcooperation between the nodes in ad hoc networks. Presents and discusses the latest schemes for interferencesuppression in ultra wide band (UWB) cognitive systems. Discusses the cooperative transmission and more details onpositioning.

This book brings together a group of visionaries and technical experts from academia to industry to discuss the applications and technologies that will comprise the next set of cellular advancements (5G). In particular, the authors explore usages for future 5G communications, key metrics for these usages with their target requirements, and network architectures and enabling technologies to meet 5G requirements. The objective is to provide a comprehensive guide on the emerging trends in mobile applications, and the challenges of supporting such applications with 4G technologies.

This book presents the fundamental concepts, recent advancements, and opportunities for future research in various key enabling technologies in next-generation wireless communications. The book serves as a comprehensive source of information in all areas of wireless communications with a particular emphasis on physical (PHY) layer techniques related to 5G wireless systems and beyond. In particular, this book focuses on different emerging techniques that can be adopted in 5G wireless networks. Some of those techniques include massive-MIMO, mm-Wave communications, spectrum sharing, device-to-device (D2D) and vehicular to anything (V2X) communications, radio-frequency (RF) based energy harvesting, and NOMA. Subsequent chapters cover the fundamentals and PHY layer design aspects of different techniques that can be useful for the readers to get familiar with the emerging technologies and their applications.