"Grapes (Vitis spp.) are economically significant fruit species. Many scientific advances have been achieved in understanding physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grape berry maturation. Some of these advances have led to the improvement of"

"Updated and revised to keep pace with developments, the third edition of Grape Grower's Handbook: a Guide to Viticulture for Wine Production is meant to be a stand-alone publication that describes all aspects of wine grape production. The book is written in a nontechnical format designed to be practical and well-suited for vineyard applications."--Back cover.

The Science of Grapevines: Anatomy and Physiology is an introduction to the physical structure of the grapevine, its various organs, their functions and their interactions with the environment. Beginning with a brief overview of the botanical classification (including an introduction to the concepts of species, cultivars, clones, and rootstocks), plant morphology and anatomy, and growth cycles of grapevines, The Science of Grapevines covers the basic concepts in growth and development, water relations, photosynthesis and respiration, mineral uptake and utilization, and carbon partitioning. These concepts are put to use to understand plant-environment interactions including canopy dynamics, yield formation, and fruit composition, and concludes with an introduction to stress physiology, including water stress (drought and flooding), nutrient deficiency and excess, extreme temperatures (heat and cold), and the impact and response to of other organisms. Based on the author's years of teaching grapevine anatomy as well as his research experience with grapevines and practical experience growing grapes, this book provides an important guide to understanding the entire plant. - Chapter 7 broken into two chapters, now "Environmental Constraints and Stress Physiology and Chapter 8 "Living with Other Organisms" to better reflect specific concepts - Integration of new research results including: - Latest research on implementing drip irrigation to maximize sugar accumulation within grapes - Effect of drought stress on grapevine's hydraulic system and options for optimum plant maintenance in drought conditions - The recently discovered plant hormone – strigolactones – and their contribution of apical dominance that has suddenly outdated dogma on apical dominance control - Chapter summaries added - Key literature references missed in the first edition as well as references to research completed since the 1e publication will be added

The book "The Mediterranean Genetic Code - Grapevine and Olive" collects relevant papers documenting the results of research in grapevine and olive genetics, as a contribution to overall compendium of the existing biodiversity for both species with insight into molecular mechanisms responsible for their desirable and important traits. Book encompasses a broad and diverse palette of different topics related to grapevine and olive genetics, with no areal or any other strict limitation, keeping the title as a loose frame for borderless science. Divided in four sections it takes us for a "molecular walk" through different levels of genetic variability, uncovering the remains of still existing wild populations and treasures of neglected local peculiarities, weaving the network from plant to product and back to the beginning, to the hearth of all questions asked and answers hidden in genetics.

As an applied science, Enology is a collection of knowledge from the fundamental sciences including chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, bioengineering, psychophysics, cognitive psychology, etc., and nourished by empirical observations. The approach used in the Handbook of Enology is thus the same. It aims to provide practitioners, winemakers, technicians and enology students with foundational knowledge and the most recent research results. This knowledge can be used to contribute to a better definition of the quality of grapes and wine, a greater understanding of chemical and microbiological parameters, with the aim of ensuring satisfactory fermentations and predicting the evolution of wines, and better mastery of wine stabilization processes. As a result, the purpose of this publication is to guide readers in their thought processes with a view to preserving and optimizing the identity and taste of wine and its aging potential. This third English edition of The Handbook of Enology, is an enhanced translation from the 7th French 2017 edition, and is published as a two-volume set describing aspects of winemaking using a detailed, scientific approach. The authors, who are highly-respected enologists, examine winemaking processes, theorizing what constitutes a perfect technique and the proper combination of components necessary to produce a quality vintage. They also illustrate methodologies of common problems, revealing the mechanism behind the disorder, thus enabling a diagnosis and solution. Volume 2: The Chemistry of Wine and Stabilization and Treatments looks at the wine itself in two parts. Part One analyzes the chemical makeup of wine, including organic acids, alcoholic, volatile and phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and aromas. Part Two describes the procedures necessary to achieve a perfect wine: the clarification processes of fining, filtering and centrifuging, stabilization, and aging. Coverage includes: Wine chemistry; Organic acids; Alcohols and other volatile products; Carbohydrates; Dry extract and mineral matter; Nitrogen substances; Phenolic compounds; The aroma of grape varieties; The chemical nature, origin and consequences of the main organoleptic defects; Stabilization and treatment of wines; The chemical nature, origin and consequences of the main organoleptic defects; The concept of clarity and colloidal phenomena; Clarification and stabilization treatments; Clarification of wines by filtration and centrifugation; The stabilization of wines by physical processes; The aging of wines in vats and in barrels and aging phenomena. The target audience includes advanced viticulture and enology students, professors and researchers, and practicing grape growers and vintners.

Phytohormones are regulatory compounds that play crucial roles in plants. This book brings together recent work and progress that has recently been made in the dynamic field of phytohormone regulation in plant development and stress responses. It also provides new insights and sheds new light regarding the exciting hormonal cross talk phenomenon in plants. This book will provoke interest in many readers and scientists, who can find this information useful for the advancement of their research works.

A systems biology approach was used to investigate berry skins of three red- (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir) and two white-skinned (Chardonnay, Semillon) wine grape cultivars. Identical sample aliquots were analyzed for transcripts by a grapevine whole genome oligonucleotide microarray and RNAseq technologies, proteins by nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Principal components analysis of each of five Omic technologies predicted similar variance between cultivars. Comparison of RNAseq and microarray data revealed a strong Pearson’s correlation (0.80), but concordance of protein with transcript data was low with a Pearson’s correlation of 0.27 and 0.24 for the RNAseq and microarray data, respectively. Integration of metabolite with protein and transcript data produced an expected model of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, distinguishing red from white grapes, yet, provided detail of individual cultivar differences. The integration of multiple high-throughput Omic datasets revealed complex biochemical variation amongst five cultivars of an ancient and economically important crop species. Grape berry ripening occurs in the late stages of development with increases in sugar, changes in color, and decreases in malate concentration. In the final stages of ripening, fruit flavors and volatile aromas increase to signal readiness for seed dispersal. To identify the common transcriptional changes in the late stages of berry development in multiple grape cultivars, the transcriptomic responses of the berry skins of 7 cultivars of grapes that were grown in the same vineyard were determined using RNAseq at four different °Brix levels (20 to 26 °Brix). The abundance of thousands of transcripts changed significantly in the late stages of berry development. Gene set enrichment analysis of functional Gene Ontology terms provided evidence for a complex interplay of many gene ontology categories including those involved in the circadian clock, postembryonic development, photosynthesis, hormone signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA methylation and transcriptional regulation. There were 809 transcription factors (TF) differentially expressed with increasing °Brix (~4% of all transcripts and ~32% of all TF), belonging to 81 families, including the C3H, MYB, AP2/ERF and bHLH families. Our analyses indicate that the circadian clock and epigenetic modification are major factors regulating transcription in mature berries. Finally, pathogenesis-related proteins that accumulated in skins of three red-skinned and two white-skinned cultivars: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Semillon, were characterized in silico, using protein and transcript data. Large amounts of identified proteins were classified as pathogenesis-related in berry skins, more so than what was previously observed in shoot tips. Several PR-families had numerous protein members in skins, which maybe a tissue specific occurrence. The transcript abundance was well correlated to the protein abundance in thaumatins of PR-05, but not so in the L-ascorbate peroxidases of PR-09. Haze-forming proteins, while well represented, did not accumulate with more specificity in the white cultivars and were mostly higher in the red cultivar, Pinot Noir. Large accumulations of PR-proteins in skins at harvest provide support for a prolonged and possibly a constitutive defense mechanism that protects a maturing seed within the berry.

Written as both an examination of applied theory of grapegrowing and a handy manual for the working viticulturist, the Practical Field Guide to Grapegrowing and Vine Physiology serves as a necessary compliment to all the processes of modern viticulture in the variety of climates where grapes are grown. Organized by growing cycles, the Field Guide gives detailed prescriptions for managing each season’s unique processes, such as Winter · vine dormancy · root growth · canopy training · different root stocks · identifying various pathogens and bacteria Spring · bud burst · flower cluster development · canopy construction Summer · berry growth through verasion · respiration rate · water and nitrogen usage · phenolic metabolism · vigor control · irrigation and dry farming Autumn · yield estimates · harvest · mechanical vs. hand harvesting · post-harvest vine management Also included are detailed studies on proper grapevine adaption to specific sites, and different agricultural systems, such as industrial, organic, sustainable and biodynamic. “(The Field Guide’s) greatest value originates in its authors, each of whom deals with vineyard management in all seasons and a great range of terroirs and the physiological interpretation for each.”-- Mario Fregoni, Professor Emeritus of Viticulture,University of Piacenza and Honorary President of I.O.V. (International Organization du Vin)