This book deals with the British discovery of Sikhs, their literature and history. Further, it reminds us of the Sikh political success after the occupation of Lahore by Ranjit Singh in 1799. True that the British enquiry was diplomatic and military during the 18th century. However, the Anglo-Sikh relations after the fall of Delhi and Hansi into the hands of the Company in 1803 and more so the Anglo-Sikh Treaties of January 1806 and April 1809 widened the scope of the enquiry. With Malcolm's work published in 1810, the Punjabi and Sikh writings especially the Bani of the Gurus or its elaborations by the Bhai's such as Gurdass and Mani Singh entered the field under investigation. Sikh History and Religion emerged as a common genre by the middle of the 19th century. J.D.Cunningham gave a firm basis to this genre, though H.H.Wilson had acted differently in 1848 because he was a Sanskritist. The use of Bani, Sakhi and Rahit by the British, the Christian Missions, the early Sikh reformers like the Nirankaris and the Namdharis necessitated the further use of Sikh Scriptures, Hukamnama, and Ardasan carrying letters of Baba Ram Singh (1872-1885). In fact, by 1857 the idea of having the Sikh holy granths translated into English was – conceived by the British. The first attempt in this regard took twenty years i.e. 1857-1877. The attempt was official and made through Trumpp. These twenty years also saw the printing of the Adi Granth in the Damdama Bir twice i.e. in 1864 and 1868 in Lahore. A Janam-Sakhi (Bhai Bala version) was also printed. The book reveals how and why the political patronage and use of the Golden Temple, Amritsar, continued under the British despite the Sikh awakening and protest against it by the Namdhari Movement, and the Singh Sabha Lehar between 1863 and 1919. In addition to Golden Temple, Sikh Literature and History had drawn colonial attention through Griffin and M.A.Macauliffe (1868-1909) for political purposes. In fact, the Gadhar and the Babbar Akalis between 1914 and 1923 gave a close relationship to the Militant Khalsa tradition and the anti-British Nationalism in Punjab. How Sikh militancy and communalism proved harmful to the cause of the Freedom Movement in, and for, Punjab is an important but different theme. This book is silent about the Great Divide of 1947 or the poetry of Iqbal during the 1920's and 1930's. Riots and the bitter communal strife was the sin to be told by the short stories of Manto. The sin needs further exploring by the political thinkers and writers of South Asia.

From its founding in 1588, the Golden Temple has come to symbolise the epitome of Sikh architecture as well as the undying love of its devotees. The complex that developed around it was the Sikhs' very own 'Vatican City'. In its heyday in the early 1800s it was also highly regarded as a centre of learning and a beacon for those in search of spiritual and educational enlightenment. Around it developed a bustling multicultural town that became a prominent stop on the Silk Route and a major commercial hub of north western India. This unique volume highlights the temple's unparalleled beauty and changing fortunes during a golden era of peace, prosperity and patronage. Its vast collection of paintings, sketches, lithographs and photographs have been painstakingly sourced from archives around the world. They are complemented by intriguing quotes from 70 eyewitness accounts, ranging from the earliest discovered in 1808 - a report by a one-legged British spy - right up to that of an awestruck Hollywood heartthrob, Lew Ayres, in search of the exotic and esoteric in 1959.

The International Bibliography of Sikh Studies brings together all books, composite works, journal articles, conference proceedings, theses, dissertations, project reports, and electronic resources produced in the field of Sikh Studies until June 2004, making it the most complete and up-to-date reference work in the field today. One of the youngest religions of the world, Sikhism has progressively attracted attention on a global scale in recent decades. An increasing number of scholars is exploring the culture, history, politics, and religion of the Sikhs. The growing interest in Sikh Studies has resulted in an avalanche of literature, which is now for the first time brought together in the International Bibliography of Sikh Studies. This monumental work lists over 10,000 English-language publications under almost 30 subheadings, each representing a subfield in Sikh Studies. The Bibliography contains sections on a wide variety of subjects, such as Sikh gurus, Sikh philosophy, Sikh politics and Sikh religion. Furthermore, the encyclopedia presents an annotated survey of all major scholarly work on Sikhism, and a selective listing of electronic and web-based resources in the field. Author and subject indices are appended for the reader’s convenience.

A bold historical reevaluation of constructions of Sikh identity from the late eighteenth century through the early twenty-first.

This book explores the organic lives of popular Sufi shrines in contemporary Northwest India. It traverses the worldview of shrine spaces, rituals and their complex narratives, and provides an insight into their urban and rural landscapes in the post-Partition (Indian) Punjab. What happened to these shrines when attempts were made to dissuade Sikhs, Muslims and Hindus from their veneration of popular saints in the early twentieth century? What was the fate of popular shrines that persisted even when the Muslim population was virtually wiped off as a result of migration during Partition? How did these shrines manifest in the context of the threat posed by militants in the 1980s? How did such popular practices reconfigure themselves when some important centres of Sufism were left behind in the West Punjab (now Pakistan)? This book examines several of these questions and utilizes a combination of analytical tools, new theoretical tropes and an ethnographic approach to understand and situate popular Sufi shrines so that they are both historicized and spatialized. As such, it lays out some crucial contours of the method and practice of understanding popular sacred spaces (within India and elsewhere), bridging the everyday and the metanarratives of power structures and state formation. This book will be useful to scholars, researchers and those engaged in interdisciplinary work in history, social anthropology, historical sociology, cultural studies, historical geography, religion and art history, as well as those interested in Sufism and its shrines in South Asia.

Modern Sikh Studies in Punjab History and Historiography had its roots in the British political and diplomatic interest about the Sikh military and social rise in North India by the close of the Eighteenth Century. John Malcolm and Charles T. Metcalfe dealt with the Sikh misaldars between 1803 and 1804 A.D. Like Murray, H.T. Prinsep wade under William Bentinck (1828-1835) took interest in Sikh political formations and the Khalsa traditions. J.D. Cunningham wrote his book entitled History of the Sikh in 1849. After this, The Asiatic Society of Bengal took some interest in Sikh literature by 1851 but it was confined only to the writings of Guru Gobind Singh or the folklore in the region. Hope this book shall meet this difficulty of ignorance.

When the British withdrew from India in 1947, two new states were created, India and Pakistan. Ever since there has been near permanent conflict between the two, breaking out in to all-out war on three occasions. The main point of contention in this conflict is the area of Kashmir, which both parties lay claim to. This study offers a comprehensive historical and political evaluation of the unfolding crisis, in a way that is approachable for anyone with a keen interest in the political, without needing any previous knowledge. Lars Blinkenberg (1931-) a law graduate from Aarhus University in Denmark, as well as a student of Law and Political Science at Cambridge is a man who has dedicated himself to the foreign services. He has served with Danish embassies in London and New Delhi as a counsellor before rising to Ambassador to Venezuela (81-86), Nigeria (92-96) and Syria (96-99). He is a man with a wealth of experience of international politics and conflict.

This course book covers Paper 2, World History Topic 8: Independence movements (1800-2000) of the History for the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma syllabus for the first assessment in 2017. Written by experience IB history examiners and teachers, it offers authoritative and engaging guidance through the topic to help student's explore the origins and rise of independence movements, methods used during independence movements and reasons for success, and the challenges and responses after independence.

History as a social science is arguably more self-reflective than associated disciplines in that family. Other social scientists seem to see little reason to look beyond the paradigm they are developing in the present times. Historians on the other hand, tend to depend on the cumulative process of the development of their craft and the fund of accumulated knowledge. Yet, while this is acknowledged in the practice of research, Historiography in itself as a subject of study has rarely found its place in the syllabi of Indian universities. Knowledge of Historiography is taken for granted when a scholar plunges into research. In an attempt to address this lacuna, the Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR) has planned a series of volumes on Historiography comprising articles by subject specialists commissioned by the ICHR. The first volume in the series, Approaches to History: Essays in Indian Historiography brings to the readers the first fruits of that endeavour. While the essays encompass areas of research presently at the frontiers of new research, scholars will also find the bibliographies accompanying the essays of significant appeal.