German Scholars in Exiledeals with intellectuals who fled Nazi Germany and found refuge in either the United States or in American Services in Great Britain and post-WWII Germany. The volume focuses on scholars who were outside the commonly known Max Horkheimer-Hannah Arendt circles, who are less well-known but not less important. Their experiences ranged from an outstanding career at an Ivy-League university to a return to the German Democratic Republic and a position as an economic advisor to East Berlin's party leadership. None had actual political power, but many asserted some degree of influence. Their intellecutal legacies can still be seen in today's political culture.

This book provides a comprehensive account of the Ukrainian émigré scholarly life in Czechoslovakia between the world wars.

Thomas Wheatland examines the influence of the Frankfurt School, or Horkheimer Circle, and how they influenced American social thought and postwar German sociology. He argues that, contrary to accepted belief, the members of the group, who fled oppression in Nazi Germany in 1934, had a major influence on postwar intellectual life.

In contrast to the sometimes overly generous treatment of German writers forced into exile by Hitler's fascist regime, Anti-Nazi Writers in Exile applies the strict aesthetic and historical standards of literary criticism, putting aside any special pleading for their anti-Nazi political views. This critical approach leads to two important conclusions: that the emigrant writers' sacrifices and opposition to Hitler's Germany, however courageous, were ultimately futile and that the literature they produced was largely an aesthetic failure, due in part to the very nature of the exile experience. Anti-Nazi Writers in Exile includes a brief description of literary life in the Third Reich, but then concentrates on the United States as the scene of the exile's greatest activity after the outbreak of World War II. Krispyn concludes that the exiles' failure to achieve their political and artistic aims constitutes an important political case history within the larger history of Nazi Germany. Artistic and intellectual activities seem powerless to oppose terror, and the turn of the creative mind to political ends seemingly undermines the aesthetic force of creation.

Johnson was one of the first to recognize the need for action to prevent Hitler's destruction of the German intellectual tradition. He sought out many of the best European scholars of the day and brought them to the newly created University in Exile in New York. There, the refugees framed as intellectual problems the social and political experiences that had so disrupted their lives and careers. They examined the cultural roots of fascism, the bureaucratization of Western societies, and the prerequisites for a historically and morally informed social science. In the field of economics, the exiles developed theoretical concepts and models that came to be instrumental in the formation of New Deal policies and that remain relevant today.

The history of exiles from Nazi Germany and the creation of the notion of a shared European legal tradition.

The fascinating story of émigré intellectuals, writers, artists, scientists, movie directors, and scholars — including Bertolt Brecht, Theodor Adorno, Albert Einstein, Hannah Arendt, Thomas Mann, Arnold Schoenberg, George Grosz, Erik Erikson, Billy Wilder and Fritz Lang — who fled Nazi Germany and changed America. Heilbut provides a vivid narrative of how they viewed their new country and how America reacted to their arrival as the atom bomb was being developed, the Cold War and McCarthyism were underway, and Hollywood dominated moviemaking. “The son of Jewish immigrants who fled Germany, Anthony Heilbut grew up in New York. Exiled in Paradise, a social history he wrote more than 35 years ago, is still the most immersive account of the German-speaking exiles who came to this country between 1933 and 1941 and of their outsize influence on the culture they found here... Mr. Heilbut provides an absorbingly detailed chronicle of some of these immigrant lives — among them Theodor Adorno, Hannah Arendt, Thomas Mann, Billy Wilder and Cold War physicists.” — Donna Rifkind, The Wall Street Journal “Still the best book on the topic” — Phillip Lopate, The New York Times Book Review “Insightful ... valuable and stimulating ... For some readers, especially the children of generations of émigrés, the book will provide a background to their most basic intellectual assumptions.” — Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, The New York Times “From one page to the next, the book transcends its stated purpose of providing a link between the history of the German-Jewish immigrants and their staggering cultural achievements to acquire the dimensions of that mysterious reality which even a Bresson cannot hope to define: a work of art.” — Marcel Ophuls, American Film Magazine “The story of these refugees has finally found its singular and single voice; it is that of Anthony Heilbut, himself the son of exiles ... His book turns into something more than a panorama about foreigners. It is a way of revealing to Americans themselves what their country really is like.” — Ariel Dorfman, The Washington Post “Anthony Heilbut has exercised impressive scholarship, and even a touch of poetry, to get to the heart of this diaspora.” — Time

The New School for Social Research opened in 1919 as an act of protest. Founded in the name of academic freedom, it quickly emerged as a pioneer in adult education—providing what its first president, Alvin Johnson, liked to call “the continuing education of the educated.” By the mid-1920s, the New School had become the place to go to hear leading figures lecture on politics and the arts and recent developments in new fields of inquiry, such as anthropology and psychoanalysis. Then in 1933, after Hitler rose to power, Johnson created the University in Exile within the New School. Welcoming nearly two hundred refugees, Johnson, together with these exiled scholars, defiantly maintained the great traditions of Europe’s imperiled universities. Judith Friedlander reconstructs the history of the New School in the context of ongoing debates over academic freedom and the role of education in liberal democracies. Against the backdrop of World War I and the first red scare, the rise of fascism and McCarthyism, the student uprisings during the Vietnam War and the downfall of communism in Eastern Europe, Friedlander tells a dramatic story of intellectual, political, and financial struggle through illuminating sketches of internationally renowned scholars and artists. These include, among others, Charles A. Beard, John Dewey, José Clemente Orozco, Robert Heilbroner, Hannah Arendt, and Ágnes Heller. Featured prominently as well are New School students, trustees, and academic leaders. As the New School prepares to celebrate its one-hundredth anniversary, A Light in Dark Times offers a timely reflection on the legacy of this unique institution, which has boldly defended dissident intellectuals and artists in the United States and overseas.

The history of American universities is punctuated by shifts in the terms on which the mission of higher education is defined and debated. A dramatic moment with lasting effects came with the introduction of German-speaking exile intellectuals in the Hitler era. In Germany, the academic culture of the early twentieth century was torn by the struggle between Wissenschaft and Bildung, two symbolic German terms, whose lack of precise English equivalents is a sign of the different configuration in America. The studies in this book examine the achievements of numerous influential émigré intellectuals against the background of their mediation between the two cultural traditions in science and liberal studies. In showing the richness of reciprocal influences, the book challenges claims about the disruptive influence of exile culture on the American mind.

In the 1930s and '40s, LA became a cultural sanctuary for a distinguished group of German artists and intellectuals - including Thomas Mann, Theodor W. Adorno, Bertolt Brecht, Fritz Lang, and Arnold Schoenberg - who were fleeing Nazi Germany. This book is the first to examine their work and lives.