Geometric algebra is still treated as an obscure branch of algebra and most books have been written by competent mathematicians in a very abstract style. This restricts the readership of such books especially by programmers working in computer graphics, who simply want guidance on algorithm design. Geometric algebra provides a unified algebraic system for solving a wide variety of geometric problems. John Vince reveals the beauty of this algebraic framework and communicates to the reader new and unusual mathematical concepts using colour illustrations, tabulations, and easy-to-follow algebraic proofs. The book includes many worked examples to show how the algebra works in practice and is essential reading for anyone involved in designing 3D geometric algorithms.

John Vince explains a wide range of mathematical techniques and problem-solving strategies associated with computer games, computer animation, virtual reality, CAD and other areas of computer graphics in this completely revised and expanded fifth edition. The first five chapters cover a general introduction, number sets, algebra, trigonometry and coordinate systems, which are employed in the following chapters on vectors, matrix algebra, transforms, interpolation, curves and patches, analytic geometry and barycentric coordinates. Following this, the reader is introduced to the relatively new topic of geometric algebra, followed by two chapters that introduce differential and integral calculus. Finally, there is a chapter on worked examples. Mathematics for Computer Graphics covers all of the key areas of the subject, including: · Number sets · Algebra · Trigonometry · Coordinate systems · Determinants · Vectors · Quaternions · Matrix algebra · Geometric transforms · Interpolation · Curves and surfaces · Analytic geometry · Barycentric coordinates · Geometric algebra · Differential calculus · Integral calculus This fifth edition contains over 120 worked examples and over 320 colour illustrations, which are central to the author’s descriptive writing style. Mathematics for Computer Graphics provides a sound understanding of the mathematics required for computer graphics, giving a fascinating insight into the design of computer graphics software and setting the scene for further reading of more advanced books and technical research papers.

Numerical and computational methods are nowadays used in a wide range of contexts in complex systems research, biology, physics, and engineering. Over the last decades different methodological schools have emerged with emphasis on different aspects of computation, such as nature-inspired algorithms, set oriented numerics, probabilistic systems and Monte Carlo methods. Due to the use of different terminologies and emphasis on different aspects of algorithmic performance there is a strong need for a more integrated view and opportunities for cross-fertilization across particular disciplines. These proceedings feature 20 original publications from distinguished authors in the cross-section of computational sciences, such as machine learning algorithms and probabilistic models, complex networks and fitness landscape analysis, set oriented numerics and cell mapping, evolutionary multiobjective optimization, diversity-oriented search, and the foundations of genetic programming algorithms. By presenting cutting edge results with a strong focus on foundations and integration aspects this work presents a stepping stone towards efficient, reliable, and well-analyzed methods for complex systems management and analysis.

Rotation transforms are used everywhere in computer graphics from rotating pictures in editing software, to providing an arbitrary view of a 3D virtual environment. Although the former is a trivial operation, the latter can be a challenging task. Rotation Transforms for Computer Graphics covers a wide range of mathematical techniques used for rotating points and frames of reference in the plane and 3D space. It includes many worked examples and over 100 illustrations that make it essential reading for students, academics, researchers and professional practitioners. The book includes introductory chapters on complex numbers, matrices, quaternions and geometric algebra, and further chapters on how these techniques are employed in 2D and 3D computer graphics. In particular, matrix and bivector transforms are developed and evaluated to rotate points in a fixed frame of reference, and vice versa.

This book “Advanced Applications of Computational Mathematics” covers multidisciplinary studies containing advanced research in the field of computational and applied mathematics. The book includes research methodology, techniques, applications, and algorithms. The book will be very useful to advanced students, researchers and practitioners who are involved in the areas of computational and applied mathematics and engineering.

John Vince explains a wide range of mathematical techniques and problem-solving strategies associated with computer games, computer animation, virtual reality, CAD, and other areas of computer graphics. Covering all the mathematical techniques required to resolve geometric problems and design computer programs for computer graphic applications, each chapter explores a specific mathematical topic prior to moving forward into the more advanced areas of matrix transforms, 3D curves and surface patches. Problem-solving techniques using vector analysis and geometric algebra are also discussed. All the key areas are covered including: Numbers, Algebra, Trigonometry, Coordinate geometry, Transforms, Vectors, Curves and surfaces, Barycentric coordinates, Analytic geometry. Plus – and unusually in a student textbook – a chapter on geometric algebra is included.

The Handbook of Digital Image Synthesis is the most up-to-date reference guide in the rapidly developing field of computer graphics. A wide range of topics, such as, applied mathematics, data structures, and optical perception and imaging help to provide a well-rounded view of the necessary formulas for computer rendering. In addition to this diverse approach, the presentation of the material is substantiated by numerous figures and computer-generated images. From basic principles to advanced theories, this book, provides the reader with a strong foundation of computer formulas and rendering through a step-by-step process. . Key Features: Provides unified coverage of the broad range of fundamental topics in rendering Gives in-depth treatment of the basic and advanced concepts in each topic Presents a step-by-step derivation of the theoretical results needed for implementation Illustrates the concepts with numerous figures and computer-generated images Illustrates the core algorithms using platform-independent pseudo-code

Exterior calculus is a branch of mathematics which involves differential geometry. In Exterior calculus the concept of differentiations is generalized to antisymmetric exterior derivatives and the notions of ordinary integration to differentiable manifolds of arbitrary dimensions. It therefore generalizes the fundamental theorem of calculus to Stokes' theorem. This textbook covers the fundamental requirements of exterior calculus in curricula for college students in mathematics and engineering programs. Chapters start from Heaviside-Gibbs algebra, and progress to different concepts in Grassman algebra. The final section of the book covers applications of exterior calculus with solutions. Readers will find a concise and clear study of vector calculus and differential geometry, along with several examples and exercises. The solutions to the exercises are also included at the end of the book. This is an ideal book for students with a basic background in mathematics who wish to learn about exterior calculus as part of their college curriculum and equip themselves with the knowledge to apply relevant theoretical concepts in practical situations.

The imaginary unit i = √-1 has been used by mathematicians for nearly five-hundred years, during which time its physical meaning has been a constant challenge. Unfortunately, René Descartes referred to it as “imaginary”, and the use of the term “complex number” compounded the unnecessary mystery associated with this amazing object. Today, i = √-1 has found its way into virtually every branch of mathematics, and is widely employed in physics and science, from solving problems in electrical engineering to quantum field theory. John Vince describes the evolution of the imaginary unit from the roots of quadratic and cubic equations, Hamilton’s quaternions, Cayley’s octonions, to Grassmann’s geometric algebra. In spite of the aura of mystery that surrounds the subject, John Vince makes the subject accessible and very readable. The first two chapters cover the imaginary unit and its integration with real numbers. Chapter 3 describes how complex numbers work with matrices, and shows how to compute complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Chapters 4 and 5 cover Hamilton’s invention of quaternions, and Cayley’s development of octonions, respectively. Chapter 6 provides a brief introduction to geometric algebra, which possesses many of the imaginary qualities of quaternions, but works in space of any dimension. The second half of the book is devoted to applications of complex numbers, quaternions and geometric algebra. John Vince explains how complex numbers simplify trigonometric identities, wave combinations and phase differences in circuit analysis, and how geometric algebra resolves geometric problems, and quaternions rotate 3D vectors. There are two short chapters on the Riemann hypothesis and the Mandelbrot set, both of which use complex numbers. The last chapter references the role of complex numbers in quantum mechanics, and ends with Schrödinger’s famous wave equation. Filled with lots of clear examples and useful illustrations, this compact book provides an excellent introduction to imaginary mathematics for computer science.

This book is a complete introduction to vector analysis, especially within the context of computer graphics. The author shows why vectors are useful and how it is possible to develop analytical skills in manipulating vector algebra. Even though vector analysis is a relatively recent development in the history of mathematics, it has become a powerful and central tool in describing and solving a wide range of geometric problems. The book is divided into eleven chapters covering the mathematical foundations of vector algebra and its application to, among others, lines, planes, intersections, rotating vectors, and vector differentiation.