"This volume covers many of the important advances in the geological sciences from 1963 to 2013. These advances include understanding plate tectonics, exploration of the Moon and Mars, development of new computing and analytical technologies, understanding of the role of microbiology in geologic processes, and many others"--Provided by publisher.

Nine essays that provide detailed information about the early geological exploration of the southeastern United States Originally presented under the aegis of the Geological Society of America, these essays cover observations and studies made between 1796 and the 1850s. Each essay includes fascinating biographic sketches of the author, a bibliography, and an index.

The web of geological sciences, Special papers 500 and 523, written in celebration of the 125th anniversary of the Geological Society of America.

CONTENTSGIANCLEMENTE PAREA – “El Niño” is a tectonically driven meteorological event?MARCO ROMANO, RICCARDO MANNI, UMBERTO NICOSIA – Phylogenetic analysis of cyrtocrinid crinoids and its influence on traditional classificationsDOMENICO RIDENTE – Heterochrony and evolution in some Toarcian ammonites. Speculations and insightsSIMONE FABBI, PAOLO CITTON, MARCO ROMANO, ANGELO CIPRIANI – Detrital events within pelagic deposits of the umbria-marche basin (northern apennines, italy): further evidence of early cretaceous tectonicsANTONIETTA CHERCHI, RAJKA RADOIČIĆ, ROLF SCHROEDER – Farinacciella ramalhoi, n. gen., n. sp., a larger foraminifer from the Kimmeridgian-lower Tithonian of the Neo-Tethyan realmFRANCESCO SCHIAVINOTTO – Neanic acceleration in Nephrolepidina from the Oligo-Miocene Mt. Torretta section (L’Aquila, central Apennines): biometric results and evolutionary, taxonomic and biostratigraphic remarks.VIRGILIO FREZZA, MICHELA INGRASSIA, ELEONORA MARTORELLI, FRANCESCO L. CHIOCCI, RUGGERO MATTEUCCI, LETIZIA DI BELLA – Benthic foraminifers and siliceous sponge spicules assemblages in the Quaternary rhodolith rich sediments from Pontine Archipelago shelfRUGGERO MATTEUCCI, MARIA LETIZIA PAMPALONI, GIULIA VENTURA – Ulderigo Botti’s handbook on stages and sub-stages: a poorly known inventory of the late nineteenth century

Discusses glaciers, oceans, volcanoes, rocks, minerals, earthquakes, and the history of the Earth.

Discusses the history of geological sciences, including geology, seismology, and the study of geomagnetism, and profiles notable Earth scientists throughout history.