Provides mathematicians and applied researchers with a well-developed framework in which option pricing can be formulated, and a natural transition from the theory of optimal stopping problems to the valuation of different kinds of options. With the introduction of generalized optimal stopping theory, a unifying approach to option pricing is presented.

Provides mathematicians and applied researchers with a well-developed framework in which option pricing can be formulated, and a natural transition from the theory of optimal stopping problems to the valuation of different kinds of options. With the introduction of generalized optimal stopping theory, a unifying approach to option pricing is presented.

The book is devoted to the new trends in random evolutions and their various applications to stochastic evolutionary sytems (SES). Such new developments as the analogue of Dynkin's formulae, boundary value problems, stochastic stability and optimal control of random evolutions, stochastic evolutionary equations driven by martingale measures are considered. The book also contains such new trends in applied probability as stochastic models of financial and insurance mathematics in an incomplete market. In the famous classical financial mathematics Black-Scholes model of a (B,S) market for securities prices, which is used for the description of the evolution of bonds and stocks prices and also for their derivatives, such as options, futures, forward contracts, etc., it is supposed that the dynamic of bonds and stocks prices are set by a linear differential and linear stochastic differential equations, respectively, with interest rate, appreciation rate and volatility such that they are predictable processes. Also, in the Arrow-Debreu economy, the securities prices which support a Radner dynamic equilibrium are a combination of an Ito process and a random point process, with the all coefficients and jumps being predictable processes.

This book shows, on numerous examples, how to make decisions in realistic situations when we have both uncertainty and constraints. In most these situations, the book's emphasis is on the why-question, i.e., on a theoretical explanation for empirical formulas and techniques. Such explanations are important: they help understand why these techniques work well in some cases and not so well in others, and thus, help practitioners decide whether a technique is appropriate for a given situation. Example of applications described in the book ranges from science (biosciences, geosciences, and physics) to electrical and civil engineering, education, psychology and decision making, and religion—and, of course, include computer science, AI (in particular, eXplainable AI), and machine learning. The book can be recommended to researchers and students in these application areas. Many of the examples use general techniques that can be used in other application areas as well, so it is also useful for practitioners and researchers in other areas who are looking for possible theoretical explanations of empirical formulas and techniques.

Results from the now-classical distribution theory involving convolution and Fourier transformation are extended to cater for Colombeau's generalized functions. Indications are given how these particular generalized functions can be used to investigate linear equations and pseudo differential operators. Furthermore, applications are also given to problems with nonregular data.

Ten years after publication of the popular first edition of this volume, the index theorem continues to stand as a central result of modern mathematics-one of the most important foci for the interaction of topology, geometry, and analysis. Retaining its concise presentation but offering streamlined analyses and expanded coverage of important exampl

This book presents the texts of selected lectures on recent work in the field of nonlinear partial differential equations delivered by leading international experts at the well-established weekly seminar held at the Collège de France. Emphasis is on applications to numerous areas, including control theory, theoretical physics, fluid and continuum mechanics, free boundary problems, dynamical systems, scientific computing, numerical analysis, and engineering. Proceedings of this seminar will be of particular interest to postgraduate students and specialists in the area of nonlinear partial differential equations.

Ten years after publication of the popular first edition of this volume, the index theorem continues to stand as a central result of modern mathematics-one of the most important foci for the interaction of topology, geometry, and analysis. Retaining its concise presentation but offering streamlined analyses and expanded coverage of important examples and applications, Elliptic Operators, Topology, and Asymptotic Methods, Second Edition introduces the ideas surrounding the heat equation proof of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. The author builds towards proof of the Lefschetz formula and the full index theorem with four chapters of geometry, five chapters of analysis, and four chapters of topology. The topics addressed include Hodge theory, Weyl's theorem on the distribution of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian, the asymptotic expansion for the heat kernel, and the index theorem for Dirac-type operators using Getzler's direct method. As a "dessert," the final two chapters offer discussion of Witten's analytic approach to the Morse inequalities and the L2-index theorem of Atiyah for Galois coverings. The text assumes some background in differential geometry and functional analysis. With the partial differential equation theory developed within the text and the exercises in each chapter, Elliptic Operators, Topology, and Asymptotic Methods becomes the ideal vehicle for self-study or coursework. Mathematicians, researchers, and physicists working with index theory or supersymmetry will find it a concise but wide-ranging introduction to this important and intriguing field.

The First Pan-China Conference on Differential Equations was held in Kunming, China in June of 1997. Researchers from around the world attended-including representatives from the US, Canada, and the Netherlands-but the majority of the speakers hailed from China and Hong Kong. This volume contains the plenary lectures and invited talks presented at that conference, and provides an excellent view of the research on differential equations being carried out in China. Most of the subjects addressed arose from actual applications and cover ordinary and partial differential equations. Topics include:

In the last few decades, complex dynamical systems have received widespread public attention and emerged as one of the most active fields of mathematical research. Starting where other monographs in the subject end, Progress in Holomorphic Dynamics advances the theoretical aspects and recent results in complex dynamical systems, with particular emphasis on Siegel discs. Organized into four parts, the papers in this volume grew out of three workshops: two hosted by the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen and one at the "Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach." Part I addresses linearization. The authors review Yoccoz's proof that the Brjuno condition is the optimal condition for linearizability of indifferent fixed points and offer a treatment of Perez-Marco's refinement of Yoccoz's work. Part II discusses the conditions necessary for the boundary of a Siegel disc to contain a critical point, builds upon Herman's work, and offers a survey of the state-of-the-art regarding the boundaries of Siegel discs. Part III deals with the topology of Julia sets with Siegel discs and contains a remarkable highlight: C.L. Petersen establishes the existence of Siegel discs of quadratic polynomials with a locally connected boundary. Keller, taking a different approach, explains the relations between locally connected "real Julia sets" with Siegel discs and the abstract concepts of kneading sequences and itineraries. Part IV closes the volume with four papers that review the different directions of present research in iteration theory. It includes discussions on the relations between commuting rational functions and their Julia sets, interactions between the iteration of polynomials and the iteration theory of entire transcendental functions, a deep analysis of the topology of the limbs of the Mandelbrot set, and an overview of complex dynamics in higher dimensions.