This dissertation, "Gender and Sexuality in Modern Shanghai: Chinese Fiction of the Early Twentieth Century" by Wai-ping, Judy, Kong, 江偉萍, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3124543 Subjects: Chinese fiction - 20th century - History and criticism Gender identity in literature Power (Social sciences) in literature Sex role in literature Sex in literature

Gender and sexuality have been neglected topics in the history of Chinese civilization, despite the fact that there is a massive amount of historical evidence on the subject. China's late imperial government was arguably more concerned about gender and sexuality among its subjects than any other pre-modern state. How did these and other late imperial legacies shape twentieth-century notions of gender and sexuality in modern China? Susan Mann answers this by focusing on state policy, ideas about the physical body and notions of sexuality and difference in China's recent history, from medicine to the theater to the gay bars; from law to art and sports. More broadly, the book shows how changes in attitudes toward sex and gender in China during the twentieth century have cast a new light on the process of becoming modern, while simultaneously challenging the universalizing assumptions of Western modernity.

In globalizing Asia, sexual mores and gender roles are in constant flux. How have economic shifts and social changes altered and reconfigured the cultural meanings of gender and sexuality in the region? How have the changing political economy and social milieu influenced and shaped the inner workings and micro-politics of family structure, gender relationships, intimate romance, transactional sex, and sexual behaviors? This volume offers up-to-date, grounded, critical analysis of the complex intersections of gender, sexuality, and political economy across a diverse array of Asian societies: China, Japan, Cambodia, Vietnam, India, Pakistan, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Taiwan. Based on intense ethnographic fieldwork, the chapters disentangle the ways in which gendered and sexual experiences are impinged upon by state policies, economic realities, cultural ideologies, and social hierarchies. Whether highlighting intimate relationships between elite businessmen and their mistresses in China; nightclub performances by Thai men in Bangkok; single women’s views of romance, motherhood, and marriage in Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Tokyo; or male same-sex relationships in Pakistan—each chapter centers around the stories of the gendered subjects themselves and how they are shaped by outside forces. Taken together they provide a provocative entrée into the cultural politics of gender and sexuality in Asia. By foregrounding cross-cultural ethnographic research, this volume sheds light on how configurations of gender and sexuality are constituted, negotiated, contested, transformed, and at times, perpetuated and reproduced in private, intimate experiences. It will be of particular interest to students and scholars in anthropology, sociology, political science, and women’s and LGBTQ studies.

This dissertation, "Born in the 70''s: Sexuality of Young Women in Contemporary Shanghai" by 裴諭新, Yuxin, Pei, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Born in the 70''s: Sexuality of Young Women in Contemporary Shanghai Submitted by PEI Yuxin for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in December 2007 With the popularity and subsequent ban of the biographical novel Shanghai Baby, the sexuality of young Chinese women, who were born in the 1970s and now live in urban China, received much attention in public discourse. Research studies conducted in sex-related fields, however, have not given sufficient attention to the sexuality of this new cohort of young women in modern China. The sexual lives of the Born in the ''70s generation who are now living in Shanghai, therefore, is the focus of this study. From the data of in-depth interviews with forty women, this study uses new sexual stories as the entry points for understanding young women''s sexuality and desires. Taking three examples - masturbation stories, cybersex stories and multiple sexual relationships stories - the thesis examines the nature of these emerging narratives and the socio-cultural conditions that have given rise to them. First, this study looks at the growth of a market economy, urbanization, intra-national and international migration, the rise of popular discourses about sex and women''s economic, educational and cultural development as harbingers of significant social change that have encouraged the telling of new sexual stories. Second, it identifies the intimate troubles that these women have had to face in their lives in the modern world of Shanghai. I pay particular attention to how their lives are embedded in multiple contradictory discourses rather than one dominant discourse regarding how a woman should live. Their sexual choices, decision making, strategies of being, identity performance are explored to understand how modern Chinese women "do" their gender, sexuality and intimacies as they struggle to find the kind of identities, relationships and career that they desire. Third, the study documents what these women have learnt from their intimate troubles and how they have transformed them into their sexual capital which then enables them to take care of their troubles and address their own needs as modern Chinese women. I argue that women''s sexual story telling is actually an instrument of self-expression, self-empowerment and the means to a self-reflexive identity construction. Women''s sexual experiences have made them more creative in articulating their lived experiences and developing their own knowledge on self, body, sex and womanhood. This knowledge has become their "sexual capital" which they exchange for "cultural," "social" or "economic" capital and the means to a better life. This thesis contributes to a new understanding of the kind of reflexive resources that women use for self and career development. Women use their own self, their bodies and their sexual relationships as resources for survival, self-development and upward mobility. To understand women''s sexuality and desire, I suggest the need to attend to women''s sexual choices, how some women make use of sex especially what they have learnt from sex in different ways for the creation of the selves and actualizing their dreams. I hope to show that the way they re-write the sexual scripts can serve as models for their friends and cultural resources for other women who have similar dreams and struggles. (499 words) DOI: 10.5353/th_...

Gender and sexuality have been neglected topics in the history of Chinese civilization, despite the fact that philosophers, writers, parents, doctors, and ordinary people of all descriptions have left reams of historical evidence on the subject. Moreover, China's late imperial government was arguably more concerned about gender and sexuality among its subjects than any other pre-modern state. Sexual desire and sexual activity were viewed as innate human needs, essential to bodily health and well-being, and universal marriage and reproduction served the state by supplying tax-paying subjects, duly bombarded with propaganda about family values. How did these and other late imperial legacies shape twentieth-century notions of gender and sexuality in modern China? In this wonderfully written and enthralling book, Susan Mann answers that question by focusing in turn on state policy, ideas about the physical body, and notions of sexuality and difference in China's recent history, from medicine to the theater to the gay bar; from law to art and sports. More broadly, the book shows how changes in attitudes toward sex and gender in China during the twentieth century have cast a new light on the process of becoming modern, while simultaneously challenging the universalizing assumptions of Western modernity.

"Only women and inferior men are difficult to deal with." -- Confucius Two thousand years after Confucius, the contributors to this book ask if Chinese women have succeeded in changing their status as the equivalent of "inferior men." Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Chinese Literature and Society approaches the role of women in social change through analyzing literature and culture during the May Fourth and the Post-Cultural Revolution periods.

In globalizing Asia, sexual mores and gender roles are in constant flux. How have economic shifts and social changes altered and reconfigured the cultural meanings of gender and sexuality in the region? How have the changing political economy and social milieu influenced and shaped the inner workings and micro-politics of family structure, gender relationships, intimate romance, transactional sex, and sexual behaviors? This volume offers up-to-date, grounded, critical analysis of the complex intersections of gender, sexuality, and political economy across a diverse array of Asian societies: China, Japan, Cambodia, Vietnam, India, Pakistan, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Taiwan. Based on intense ethnographic fieldwork, the chapters disentangle the ways in which gendered and sexual experiences are impinged upon by state policies, economic realities, cultural ideologies, and social hierarchies. Whether highlighting intimate relationships between elite businessmen and their mistresses in China; nightclub performances by Thai men in Bangkok; single women’s views of romance, motherhood, and marriage in Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Tokyo; or male same-sex relationships in Pakistan—each chapter centers around the stories of the gendered subjects themselves and how they are shaped by outside forces. Taken together they provide a provocative entrée into the cultural politics of gender and sexuality in Asia. By foregrounding cross-cultural ethnographic research, this volume sheds light on how configurations of gender and sexuality are constituted, negotiated, contested, transformed, and at times, perpetuated and reproduced in private, intimate experiences. It will be of particular interest to students and scholars in anthropology, sociology, political science, and women’s and LGBTQ studies.

Gender in Modern East Asia explores the history of women and gender in China, Korea, and Japan from the seventeenth century to the present. This unique volume treats the three countries separately within each time period while also placing them in global and regional contexts. Its transnational and integrated approach connects the cultural, economic, and social developments in East Asia to what is happening across the wider world. The text focuses specifically on the dynamic histories of sexuality; gender ideology, discourse, and legal construction; marriage and the family; and the gendering of work, society, culture, and power. Important themes and topics woven through the text include Confucianism, writing and language, the role of the state in gender construction, nationalism, sexuality and prostitution, New Women and Modern Girls, feminisms, "comfort" women, and imperialism. Accessibly written and comprehensive, Gender in Modern East Asia is a much-needed contribution to the study of the region.