This readable, well-illustrated text describes the exquisite job that the mammalian ear does in transforming sound into nerve impulses. The reader is led along the same pathway followed by an acoustic signal--from the outer ear, through the middle ear, and into the inner ear where the minuscule vibrations of the sound waves are transformed into nerve impulses. At each stage, the basic mechanisms are described qualitatively in terms of current theory and illustrated with experimental data.

There are only a few vertebrate systems that can be used to model human diseases for biomedical discovery. The zebrafish model provides key advantages over existing models. Their externally developing embryos provide high-throughput non-invasive imaging, chemical screening, forward and reverse genetics, and their regeneration capacity make zebrafish a valuable system for novel discovery. Developmental studies using zebrafish has influenced discoveries in many human health-related conditions. This Research Topic covers all aspects of zebrafish studies, providing developmental mechanisms to human health conditions. The aim of the Research Topic was to foster a platform to bring all levels of zebrafish research including but not limited to development, disease, regeneration, drug screening, bioinformatics and Omics studies.

This edited volume bridges the gap between basic and applied science in understanding the nature and treatment of psychiatric disorders and mental health problems. Topics such as brain imaging, physiological indices of emotion, cognitive enhancement strategies, neuropsychological and cognitive training, and related techniques as tools for increasing our understanding of anxiety, depression, addictions, schizophrenia, ADHD, and other disorders are emphasized. Mental health professionals will learn how to integrate a neurocognitive perspective into their clinical research and practice of psychotherapy.

The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was described as a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response. Moreover, many critical biological functions linked to cell viability, metabolism, autophagy, inflammation, immunity, and differentiation have been attributed to Nrf2, which regulates over 600 genes. It is well known that oxidative stress, which Nrf2 can ameliorate, plays a key role in many pathologic processes such as aging, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Flavonoids, on the other hand, through their ability to activate and upregulate Nrf2, can have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Flavonoids are an essential ingredient in nutraceuticals, functional foods, and pharmaceuticals. The present book Flavonoids and Anti-Aging: The Role of Transcription Factor Nuclear Erythroid 2-Related Factor2 focuses on the interaction between Nrf2 and flavonoids and their applications in various conditions such as aging, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disease and many other areas. Key Features: Focuses on the mechanisms and use of flavonoids in activating Nrf2 as an anti-aging and "WELLNESS" molecule Provides a specific approach to flavonoid activation of Nrf2 and its implications in aging and various disease conditions and its applications as nutraceuticals Presents flavonoid-based functional foods Discusses the flavonoid nutraceuticals market and future trends Written by experts in the field, this book provides a unique approach to understanding the flavonoid activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, which is responsible for many different disease conditions due to increased reactive oxidative species in the body caused by some physiological triggers.

A compelling investigation into the relationships between our biological past and cultural progress, "Cells to Civilizations" presents a remarkable story of living change.

Why does a clarinet play at lower pitches than a flute? What does it mean for sounds to be in or out of tune? How are emotions carried by music? Do other animals perceive sound like we do? How might a musician use math to come up with new ideas? This book offers a lively exploration of the mathematics, physics, and neuroscience that underlie music in a way that readers without scientific background can follow. David Sulzer, also known in the musical world as Dave Soldier, explains why the perception of music encompasses the physics of sound, the functions of the ear and deep-brain auditory pathways, and the physiology of emotion. He delves into topics such as the math by which musical scales, rhythms, tuning, and harmonies are derived, from the days of Pythagoras to technological manipulation of sound waves. Sulzer ranges from styles from around the world to canonical composers to hip-hop, the history of experimental music, and animal sound by songbirds, cetaceans, bats, and insects. He makes accessible a vast range of material, helping readers discover the universal principles behind the music they find meaningful. Written for musicians and music lovers with any level of science and math proficiency, including none, Music, Math, and Mind demystifies how music works while testifying to its beauty and wonder.

This volume provides a detailed update on progress in the field of hair cell regeneration. This topic is of considerable interest to academicians, clinicians, and commercial entities, including students of auditory and vestibular neuroscience, audiologists, otologists, and industry, all of whom may have interest in hair cell regeneration as a potential future therapy for hearing and balance dysfunction. In 2008, Springer published a SHAR volume on this subject (Hair Cell Regeneration, Repair, and Protection, Editors Richard Salvi and Richard Fay). Since that time, there has been considerable advancement in this field.This book provides a historical perspective on the field, but the emphasis is on more "prospective" views of the various facets of regeneration research, in the hope that the volume will stimulate new projects and approaches, focusing on the limitations of current knowledge and describing promising strategies for future work. The book will include the following key features of hair cell regeneration: • Cellular and molecular control hair cell regeneration in non-mammalian species (in particular zebrafish and chickens) • Our current understanding of the capacity for hair cell replacement in mammals (rodents and humans). • Signals controlling pro-regenerative behaviors in supporting cells, the hair cell progenitors. • New techniques that have been applied to study the genetic and epigenetic regulation of hair cell regeneration in mammals and non-mammals. • Contributions of stem cells toward building new tools to explore how hair cell regeneration is controlled and toward developing cells and tissue for therapeutic transplantation. • Studies that have applied gene and drug therapy to promote regeneration in mammals.

This is a graduate-level text on the neurobiology of hearing, covering the structure and function of the central auditory pathway of all mammals.