Uncovers the often overlooked participation of African Americans and Native Americans in early Protestant churches Phillis Wheatley was stolen from her family in Senegambia, and, in 1761, slave traders transported her to Boston, Massachusetts, to be sold. She was purchased by the Wheatley family who treated Phillis far better than most eighteenth-century slaves could hope, and she received a thorough education while still, of course, longing for her freedom. After four years, Wheatley began writing religious poetry. She was baptized and became a member of a predominantly white Congregational church in Boston. More than ten years after her enslavement began, some of her poetry was published in London, England, as a book titled Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. This book is evidence that her experience of enslavement was exceptional. Wheatley remains the most famous black Christian of the colonial era. Though her experiences and accomplishments were unique, her religious affiliation with a predominantly white church was quite ordinary. Dividing the Faith argues that, contrary to the traditional scholarly consensus, a significant portion of northern Protestants worshipped in interracial contexts during the eighteenth century. Yet in another fifty years, such an affiliation would become increasingly rare as churches were by-and-large segregated. Richard Boles draws from the records of over four hundred congregations to scrutinize the factors that made different Christian traditions either accessible or inaccessible to African American and American Indian peoples. By including Indians, Afro-Indians, and black people in the study of race and religion in the North, this research breaks new ground and uses patterns of church participation to illuminate broader social histories. Overall, it explains the dynamic history of racial integration and segregation in northern colonies and states.

Francis Asbury (August 20, 1745 – March 31, 1816) was one of the first two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States. As a young man English-born Francis Asbury traveled to America after being asked by John Wesley. During his 45-year ministry in America he devoted his life to ministry, traveling on horseback or by carriage thousands of miles to faithfully deliver sermons to those living on the frontier. Bishop Asbury's tireless leadership helped spread Methodism in America. He was the single greatest person responsible for establishing the Methodist church in America. He also launched several schools during his lifetime. His journal also left a lasting legacy and is valuable to scholars for its account of frontier society, as well as giving insights into his personal life and ministry. When Asbury arrived in America he climbed on the back of his horse and started riding and preaching the gospel. He never stopped riding and preaching across the land of America until the day he died. He never owned or even rented a house. Day and night, through rain or snow, he said, “I’ll never stop”. He continued saying, "No one will ever know my struggles, I am weary in body and mind”. He also said “All my earthly goods are reduced down to what I can fit in my saddle bags." One of the typical prayers he would say, even on his way to America, was “Lord, we are in thy hands and in thy work. Thou knowest what is best of us and for thy work; whether plenty or poverty. The hearts of all men are in thy hands. If it is best for us and for thy church that we should be cramped and straitened, let the people’s hands and hearts be closed: If it is better for us; for the church,—and more to thy glory that we should abound in the comforts of life; do thou dispose the hearts of those we serve to give accordingly: and may we learn to be content whether we abound, or suffer need” Within the first 17 days of being in the colonies, he had preached in Philadelphia and New York. During the first year he was Mr. Wesley’s assistant and preached in 25 different settlements. When the American War of Independence broke out in 1776, he was the only Methodist minister to remain in America. In 1784, John Wesley named Asbury and Thomas Coke as co-superintendents of the work in America. This marked the beginning of the "Methodist Episcopal Church of the USA". For the next 32 years, Asbury led all the Methodists in America. His manner of life and his ceaseless activities throughout his long and distinguished ecclesiastical career were unmatched. He rose at five every morning to read the Bible, and preached almost every day and many times he delivered more than two or three sermons a day. It was said of him that he was “one of the wisest and most farseeing men of his day”. Like Wesley, Asbury preached in myriad places: courthouses, public houses, tobacco houses, fields, public squares, wherever a crowd assembled to hear him. For the remainder of his life he rode an average of 6,000 miles each year, preaching virtually every day and conducting meetings and conferences. Under his direction, the church grew from 1,200 to 214,000 members and ordained 700 preachers. Among the men he ordained was Richard Allen in Philadelphia, the first black minister in the United States. He lived in an exciting time in American history; Asbury was reported to be an extraordinary preacher. What more need be said of him after he had finished his course, having kept the faith, than was said of La Tour d'Auvergne, the warrior of Breton, fallen in battle, when his name was called and some comrade in arms who held him in loving remembrance, responded, 'Dead on the field'? In this powerful and impressive biography, Ezra Tipple tells of the self-sacrificing life’s journey of Francis Asbury, the Prophet of the Long Road, who spared nothing in his zeal to bring the gospel to America.