Why did Jesus Christ die on the cross? Throughout Church history one will find many different answers. The right answer is critical to salvation and entering into a right relationship with Jesus Christ. This current volume is a masterful biblical survey and polemic that illuminates the Bible’s doctrine of Christ’s atonement. It is doubted whether any other work of the same compass presents so clearly and forcibly the truth of God as to the Nature, Truth, Perfection, Matter, and Extent of the Satisfaction made by the our Savior. Turretin’s lucid arrangement of topics, compact argumentation, fairness of statement, and constant appeal to the law and the testimony, leave the careful reader little to desire. It had been said that Turretin is the best expounder of doctrine that the Reformed church has ever known, and this work on the atonement is an example of his exegetical, logical and practical insight into the work of our Lord’s life and sacrifice. This is not a scan or facsimile, has been updated in modern English for easy reading and has an active table of contents for electronic versions.

Martin Luther contended that the church stands or falls on the doctrine of justification. With challenges to the Reformer's view coming from several directions today, R. C. Sproul finds the appearance of Francis Turretin's Justification "a welcome relief." Is the ground of our justification "the righteousness of Christ in us or the righteousness of Christ for us?" In the introduction, Sproul finds Turretin (1623-1687) to be "at his best" when addressing this key issue. Justification addresses ten questions, beginning with "Is the word justification always used in a forensic sense in this argument; or is it also used in a moral and physical sense?" "Perhaps Turretin's greatest strength was his acute intellect," writes Sproul. "He was the master of those fine distinctions that make for precision." Turretin's contemporaries celebrated not only his erudition, but also his eloquence and his ministries of mercy. His pastor's heart made him an evangelist who pled with sinners to be reconciled with God. "If we hold sacred the notion that God has created us with minds for the purpose of seeking understanding," Sproul writes, "then we will delight in the clarity and precision of thought Turretin's work presents to us." Book jacket.

The Priesthood of Christ, according to the Apostle Paul and the types of the Jewish ritual, is divided into two parts: the atonement which he made to divine justice, and his intercession in heaven, (1 John 2: 2. Heb. 9: 12

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Francis Turretin's 17th century classic contrasts Reformed understandings of Scripture with conflicting theological perspectives, particularly Roman Catholic, Arminian, and Socinian. Volume 3 treats the church, the sacraments, and last things.

How did Christ's death overcome the estrangement and condemnation of sinners before a holy God, so as to reconcile them to Him? A great variety of theories of the atonement have been offered over the centuries to make sense of the fact that Christ by his death has provided the means of reconciliation with God: ransom theories, satisfaction theories, moral influence theories, penal substitution theories, and so on. Competing theories need to be assessed by (i) their accord with biblical data and (ii) their philosophical coherence.

Through his death on the cross, Christ atoned for sin and so reconciled people to God. New Testament authors drew upon a range of metaphors and motifs to describe this salvific act, and down through history Christian thinkers have tried to articulate various theories to explain the atonement. While Christ's sacrifice serves as a central tenet of the Christian faith, the mechanism of atonement--exactly how Christ effects our salvation--remains controversial and ambiguous to many Christians. In Atonement and the Death of Christ, William Lane Craig conducts an interdisciplinary investigation of this crucial Christian doctrine, drawing upon Old and New Testament studies, historical theology, and analytic philosophy. The study unfolds in three discrete parts: Craig first explores the biblical basis of atonement and unfolds the wide variety of motifs used to characterize this doctrine. Craig then highlights some of the principal alternative theories of the atonement offered by great Christian thinkers of the premodern era. Lastly, Craig's exploration delves into a constructive and innovative engagement with philosophy of law, which allows an understanding of atonement that moves beyond mystery and into the coherent mechanism of penal substitution. Along the way, Craig enters into conversation with contemporary systematic theories of atonement as he seeks to establish a position that is scripturally faithful and philosophically sound. The result is a multifaceted perspective that upholds the suffering of Christ as a substitutionary, representational, and redemptive act that satisfies divine justice. In addition, this carefully reasoned approach addresses the rich tapestry of Old Testament imagery upon which the first Christians drew to explain how the sinless Christ saved his people from the guilt of their sins.