Structural Biology Using Electrons and X-Rays discusses the diffraction and image-based methods used for the determination of complex biological macromolecules. The book focuses on the Fourier transform theory, which is a mathematical function that is computed to transform signals between time and frequency domain. Composed of five parts, the book examines the development of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which allows the calculation of the images of a certain protein. Parts 1 to 4 provide the basic information and the applications of Fourier transforms, as well as the different methods used for image processing using X-ray crystallography and the analysis of electron micrographs. Part 5 focuses entirely on the mathematical aspect of Fourier transforms. In addition, the book examines detailed structural analyses of a specimen's symmetry (i.e., crystals, helices, polyhedral viruses and asymmetrical particles). This book is intended for the biologist or biochemist who is interested in different methods and techniques for calculating the images of proteins using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It is also suitable for readers without a background in physical chemistry or mathematics. - Emphasis on common principles underlying all diffraction-based methods - Thorough grounding in theory requires understanding of only simple algebra - Visual representations and explanations of challenging content - Mathematical detail offered in short-course form to parallel the text

The purpose of this book is to explain why molecular structure can be determined by single-crystal diffraction of X rays. It is not an account of the practical procedural details, but rather an account of the underlying physical principles, and the kinds of experiments and methods of handling the experimental data that are used.

Anhand verschiedener Beispiele zeigen die Autoren die Bedeutung der Kristallographie für Chemie und Biochemie auf und bieten somit eine gute Zusammenfassung der allgemeinen Prinzipien der Kristallstrukturanalyse. Zum einen sollen Interessierte, die diese Methode nicht selbst durchführen, in die Lage versetzt werden, deren Ergebnisse zu interpretieren. Zum anderen wird dem Leser deutlich gemacht, welche Bedeutung die ungeheure Datenmenge, die sich aus dieser Methode ergibt, einerseits für die Chemie sowie andererseits für die Biochemie hat. Das Buch ist verständlich geschrieben und mit zahlreichen Abbildungen versehen. Durch die Darstellung der Kristallstrukturanalyse im Vergleich zu anderen Methoden ist das Werk auch besonders für fortgeschrittene Studenten geeignet, die sich mit der Kristallographie vertraut machen wollen.

A review journal of current scientific advance.

The Proteins: Composition, Structure, and Function, Second Edition, Volume II deals with fundamental properties of proteins, both in solution and in the solid state. This volume consists of five chapters that specifically cover the advances in understanding the structure and function of the protein molecule. The opening chapter presents interpretative procedures of experimental methods for determining protein conformation using X-ray crystallography, followed by an examination of the acid-base dissociations of proteins. The discussion then shifts to the investigation of interactions between protein molecules and other macromolecules, which is of significant importance in providing a chemical basis for many biological processes. A chapter considers first the synthesis, purification, and chemical properties of the polyamino acids. This chapter further describes their physicochemical properties in the solid state, in solution, and at interfaces, and lastly discusses their biological properties as high molecular weight substrates for proteolytic enzymes and as synthetic antigens, and their interaction with proteins and nucleic acids, with viruses, bacteria, blood components, and other biological systems. The use of polyamino acids in the study of the genetic code and the preparation and properties of polypeptidyl proteins are also covered. The concluding chapter focuses on X-ray analysis of protein structure. Organic chemists, biochemists, and researchers in protein-related fields will find this book invaluable