First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

During the Second World War, the United Kingdom faced severe shortages of essential raw materials. To keep its armaments factories running, the British government enlisted millions of people in efforts to recycle a wide range of materials for use in munitions production. Recycling not only supplied British munitions factories with much-needed raw materials - it also played a key role in the efforts of the British government to maintain the morale of its citizens, to secure billions of dollars in Lend-Lease aid from the United States, and to uncover foreign intelligence. However, Britain's wartime recycling campaign came at a cost: it consumed items that would never have been destroyed under normal circumstances, including significant parts of the nation's cultural heritage. Based on extensive archival research, Peter Thorsheim examines the relationship between armaments production, civil liberties, cultural preservation, and diplomacy, making Waste into Weapons the first in-depth history of twentieth-century recycling in Britain.

"The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844" by Frederick Engels is a powerful indictment of the Industrial Revolution's detrimental impact on workers. Engels meticulously demonstrates how industrial cities like Manchester and Liverpool experienced alarmingly high mortality rates due to diseases, with workers being four times more likely to succumb to illnesses like smallpox, measles, scarlet fever, and whooping cough compared to their rural counterparts. The overall death rate in these cities far surpassed the national average, painting a grim picture of the workers' plight. Engels goes beyond mortality statistics to shed light on the dire living conditions endured by industrial workers. He argues that their wages were lower than those of pre-industrial workers, and they were forced to inhabit unhealthy and unpleasant environments. Addressing a German audience, Engels' work is considered a classic account of the universal struggles faced by the industrial working class. It reveals his transformation into a radical thinker after witnessing the harsh realities in England. "The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844" remains an essential resource for understanding the hardships endured by workers during the Industrial Revolution. Engels' meticulous research and impassioned arguments continue to shape discussions on labor rights, social inequality, and the historical agency of the working class.

In the sciences, the experimental approach has proved its worth in generating what subsequently requires understanding. Can the emergent field of artistic research be inspired by recent thinking about the history and workings of science?

James Drake's 'Drake's Road Book of the Grand Junction Railway from Birmingham to Liverpool and Manchester' is a comprehensive guide to the newest mode of transportation in the early 19th century. The book not only provides practical information for travelers, such as distances and landmarks along the railway route, but also includes detailed descriptions of the towns and cities connected by the railway. Drake's writing style is straightforward and informative, catering to the practical needs of travelers. This book is a valuable resource for understanding the impact of the railway on society and commerce during the Industrial Revolution. Drake's detailed observations and meticulous descriptions offer a glimpse into the rapidly changing landscape of Britain in the 19th century. Historians and enthusiasts of railway history will find this book an essential addition to their collection. James Drake's expertise as a cartographer and travel writer is evident in this meticulously researched and well-presented guide, making it a must-read for those interested in the history of transportation and urban development.