The realm of ultraprecise mechanisms, for example in controlling motion to small fractions of a micrometer, is encroaching rapidly into many fields of technology. This book provides a bridge for those moving from either an engineering or physics background towards the unique challenges offered by ultraprecision mechanisms. Using case study examples this book provides a guide to basic techniques and gives vital technical, analytical and practical information. S.T. Smith and D.J. Chetwynd are both at the Department of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK This title available in eBook format. Click here for more information. Visit our eBookstore at: www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk.

The realm of ultra precision mechanisms, for example in controlling motion to small fractions of a micrometer, is encroaching into many fields of technology. This book aims to provide a bridge for those moving from either an engineering or physics background towards the challenges offered by ultraprecision mechanisms. Using case study examples, this book provides a guide to basic techniques and gives technical, analytical and practical information.

The realm of ultra precision mechanisms, for example in controlling motion to small fractions of a micrometer, is encroaching into many fields of technology. This book aims to provide a bridge for those moving from either an engineering or physics background towards the challenges offered by ultraprecision mechanisms. Using case study examples, this book provides a guide to basic techniques and gives technical, analytical and practical information.

Advances in engineering precision have tracked with technological progress for hundreds of years. Over the last few decades, precision engineering has been the specific focus of research on an international scale. The outcome of this effort has been the establishment of a broad range of engineering principles and techniques that form the foundation of precision design. Today’s precision manufacturing machines and measuring instruments represent highly specialised processes that combine deterministic engineering with metrology. Spanning a broad range of technology applications, precision engineering principles frequently bring together scientific ideas drawn from mechanics, materials, optics, electronics, control, thermo-mechanics, dynamics, and software engineering. This book provides a collection of these principles in a single source. Each topic is presented at a level suitable for both undergraduate students and precision engineers in the field. Also included is a wealth of references and example problems to consolidate ideas, and help guide the interested reader to more advanced literature on specific implementations.

This book is a comprehensive engineering exploration of all the aspects of precision machine design—both component and system design considerations for precision machines. It addresses both theoretical analysis and practical implementation providing many real-world design case studies as well as numerous examples of existing components and their characteristics. Fast becoming a classic, this book includes examples of analysis techniques, along with the philosophy of the solution method. It explores the physics of errors in machines and how such knowledge can be used to build an error budget for a machine, how error budgets can be used to design more accurate machines.

Mechanism constitute the mechanical organs of machines. They are generally composed of rigid segments connected to each other by articulated joints. The function of the joints is to act as bearings, i.e. to constraint the relative motion of the segments it connects, while leaving a freedom of motion in some specific directions. Conventional mechanisms rely on sliding or rolling motions between solid bodies in order to fulfill the bearing function. Consequently, these bearings exhibit friction forcers limiting the motion precision, they require lubrication, they undergo wear, they produce debris and they have a limited lifetime. Flexure mechanisms rely on a radically different physical principle to fulfill the bearing function : the elastic deformation of beams and membranes. This gets around the above-mentioned limitations. The rigid segments of the mechanism are connected to each other via elastically deformable joints called flexures which are springs whose stiffnesses are designed to be very high in the directions where the joint has to constrain relative motion and very flexile in the directions where freedom of motion is required. As a result, mechanisms can be manufactured monolithically and, by proper choice of materials and geometry of the flexures, lead to lifetimes of tens of millions of cycles without any wear or change in the geometry or forces of motion. Thanks to these unique properties flexure mechanisms have become an inescapable technology in all environments where friction, lubrication, wear, debris or mechanical backlash are forbidden : outer space, vacuum, cryogenics, high radiation, ultra-clean environments, etc. This book comes within the scope of this technological evolution. It gathers the knowledge of experts in flexure mechanisms design having worked in the key fields of high precision robotics, aerospace mechanisms, particle accelerators and watch making industry. It is dedicated to engineers, scientists and students working in these fields. The book presents the basic principles underlying flexure mechanism design, the most important flexures and the key formulas for their proper design. It also covers more general aspects of the kinematic design of multi-degrees of freedom mechanism exploiting the state of the art approaches of parallel kinematics. A wide variety of concrete examples of systems designed based on theses approaches are presented in details. in the directions where the joint has to constrain relative motion and very flexile in the directions where freedom of motion is required. As a result, mechanisms can be manufactured monolithically and, by proper choice of materials and geometry of the flexures, lead to lifetimes of tens of millions of cycles without any wear or change in the geometry or forces of motion. Thanks to these unique properties flexure mechanisms have become an inescapable technology in all environments where friction, lubrication, wear, debris or mechanical backlash are forbidden : outer space, vacuum, cryogenics, high radiation, ultra-clean environments, etc. This book comes within the scope of this technological evolution. It gathers the knowledge of experts in flexure mechanisms design having worked in the key fields of high precision robotics, aerospace mechanisms, particle accelerators and watch making industry. It is dedicated to engineers, scientists and students working in these fields. The book presents the basic principles underlying flexure mechanism design, the most important flexures and the key formulas for their proper design. It also covers more general aspects of the kinematic design of multi-degrees of freedom mechanism exploiting the state of the art approaches of parallel kinematics. A wide variety of concrete examples of systems designed based on theses approaches are presented in details.les underlying flexure mechanism design, the most important flexures and the key formulas for their proper design. It also covers more general aspects of the kinematic design of multi-degrees of freedom mechanism exploiting the state of the art approaches of parallel kinematics. A wide variety of concrete examples of systems designed based on theses approaches are presented in details.

This book presents some basic flexure geometries and the analytic models, which can be assessed for specific design applications. The author then goes beyond this fundamental explanation to explore more sophisticated issues. Specifically, the text discusses integration of these flexure geometries and analytic models to produce useful mechanisms for precise motion control with fast dynamic response. This book will be useful for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, particularly those who hope to acquire competence in experimental and mechanical sciences. Practicing engineers and other scientists currently working in related fields will also benefit from Flexure.

Discusses the components of textile finishes, and the chemical and physical properties of, as well as their effects on, various fibres. The book covers fundamentals of fibre finish science, such as theories of friction; laboratory testing of formulations, from preliminary component evaluation to analyses for material characterization; and the influence of wetting, emulsification and finish distribution on coatings.

Preferences are useful in many real-life problems, guiding human decision making from early childhood up to complex professional and organizational decisions. In artificial intelligence specifically, preferences is a relatively new topic of relevance to nonmonotonic reasoning, multiagent systems, constraint satisfaction, decision making, social choice theory and decision-theoretic planning The first part of this book deals with preference representation, with specific chapters dedicated to representation languages, nonmonotonic logics of preferences, conditional preference networks, positive and negative preferences, and the study of preferences in cognitive psychology. The second part of the book deals with reasoning with preferences, and includes chapters dedicated to preference-based argumentation, preferences database queries, and rank-ordering outcomes and intervals. The author concludes by examining forthcoming research perspectives. This is inherently a multidisciplinary topic and this book will be of interest to computer scientists, economists, operations researchers, mathematicians, logicians, philosophers and psychologists.

When an application is built, an underlying data model is chosen to make that application effective. Frequently, other applications need the same data, only modeled differently. The na�ve solution of copying the underlying data and modeling is costly in terms of storage and makes data maintenance and evolution impossible. View mechanisms are a technique to model data differently for various applications without affecting the underlying format and structure of the data. The technique enables applications to customize shared data objects without affecting other applications that use the same objects. The growing data-manipulation needs of companies cannot be met by existing legacy systems that contain valuable data. Thus view mechanisms are becoming increasingly important as a way to model and use legacy data in new applications.Materialized views are views that have been computed and stored in databases. Because they reduce the need to recompute the view and/or data being queried, they speed up the querying of large amounts of data. Further, because they provide a systematic way to describe how to recompute the data, maintenance and evolution can be automated. Materialized views are especially useful in data warehousing, query optimization, integrity constraint maintenance, online analytical processing, and applications such as billing, banking, and retailing. This comprehensive volume, with a foreword by Jeff Ullman of Stanford University, will serve as a reference for students and commercial users, and encourage further use and development of materialized views.