FM 5-36 Route Reconnaissance and Classification 1965-05-14"This manual describes the influence of the operational environment in reconnaissance operations, the intelligence aspects and fundamentals of route reconnaissance, and methods of reconnoitering and classifying routes for military use. Emphasis is placed on natural and manmade characteristics of routes which influence traffic flow. The interruption of movement by enemy action, an equally important consideration in route reconnaissance, is discussed in general terms only; specific details are not within the scope of this manual although thoroughly discussed in field manuals appropriate to the mission and organization of the reconnoitering force (see app. I).Route reconnaissance as presented by this manual is divided into two categories: hasty reconnaissance and deliberate reconnaissance. Hasty reconnaissance provides limited route information necessary for planning and executing normal military movement and is a prerequisite of tactical maneuver.

Military geography, one of several subsets within those broad confines, concentrates on the influence of physical and cultural environments over political-military policies, plans, programs, and combat/support operations of all types in global, regional, and local contexts. Key factors displayed in table 1 directly (sometimes decisively) affect the full range of military activities: strategies, tactics, and doctrines; command, control, and organizational structures; the optimum mix of land, sea, air, and space forces; intelligence collection; targeting; research and development; the procurement and allocation of weapons, equipment, and clothing; plus supply, maintenance, construction, medical support, education, and training.

An examination of geography's critical effects on battles throughout the ages