The fish processing industry is still far from the levels of scientific and technological development that characterize other food processing oper ations. It has also been slow in finding uses for by-products and processing wastes, compared with the meat and poultry industries. The utilization of fisheries by-products or wastes constitutes an area in which the application of modern techniques could potentially improve profitability. At present, increased attention is being focused on the application of new biotechnological methods to operations related to the seafood industry, with the objective of increasing its general efficiency. Because fish processing operations are commonly carried out in the vicinity of the sea, most of the resulting fish wastes have been disposed of by returning them to it. Pollution control measures and a better understanding of the valuable composition of the products extracted from the sea are expected to encourage their recovery and the develop ment of new products from them. In the past, fisheries wastes and species not used for food have been generally utilized through techno logical processes with a low level of sophistication, such as those for the production of animal feed and fertilizer. Limited economic success has accompanied the application of physi cal and chemical processes for the recovery of non-utilized fisheries biomass and for the production of quality products from them.

Abstract: During the past twenty years, international attention has been focused on the kaleidoscopic fate of fish protein concentrate (FPC) as a panacea for the world's food crisis. However, the problem of malnutrition transcends the simplistic solution of developing new proteins to bridge the "protein gap". The history and cultural significance of fish as food, and the growth and development of FPC in the U.S. are reviewed. Case studies in four countries show how economic, social and political factors frustrated the success of FPC. Policy implications are discussed.

Committee Serial No. 90-28. Considers H.R. 4775 and related H.R. 7743, H.R. 15490, and H.R. 15535, to authorize Interior Dept to increase number of fish protein concentrate plants funded by the Government.

Considers H.R. 9101 and identical bills, to amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to exclude processed seafood products made from whole fish from the category of food unfit for human consumption.

Committee Serial No. 89-64. Considers S. 2720, to authorize Interior Dept to build as many as five experiment and demonstration plants for processing fish protein concentrate, also known as "fish flour."