NASA commissioned the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) to conduct a thorough review of both the technical and the organizational causes of the loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia and her crew on February 1, 2003. The accident investigation that followed determined that a large piece of insulating foam from Columbia's external tank (ET) had come off during ascent and struck the leading edge of the left wing, causing critical damage. The damage was undetected during the mission. The Columbia accident was not survivable. After the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) investigation regarding the cause of the accident was completed, further consideration produced the question of whether there were lessons to be learned about how to improve crew survival in the future. This investigation was performed with the belief that a comprehensive, respectful investigation could provide knowledge that can protect future crews in the worldwide community of human space flight. Additionally, in the course of the investigation, several areas of research were identified that could improve our understanding of both nominal space flight and future spacecraft accidents. This report is the first comprehensive, publicly available accident investigation report addressing crew survival for a human spacecraft mishap, and it provides key information for future crew survival investigations. The results of this investigation are intended to add meaning to the sacrifice of the crew's lives by making space flight safer for all future generations.

The operational amplifier ("op amp") is the most versatile and widely used type of analog IC, used in audio and voltage amplifiers, signal conditioners, signal converters, oscillators, and analog computing systems. Almost every electronic device uses at least one op amp. This book is Texas Instruments' complete professional-level tutorial and reference to operational amplifier theory and applications. Among the topics covered are basic op amp physics (including reviews of current and voltage division, Thevenin's theorem, and transistor models), idealized op amp operation and configuration, feedback theory and methods, single and dual supply operation, understanding op amp parameters, minimizing noise in op amp circuits, and practical applications such as instrumentation amplifiers, signal conditioning, oscillators, active filters, load and level conversions, and analog computing. There is also extensive coverage of circuit construction techniques, including circuit board design, grounding, input and output isolation, using decoupling capacitors, and frequency characteristics of passive components. The material in this book is applicable to all op amp ICs from all manufacturers, not just TI. Unlike textbook treatments of op amp theory that tend to focus on idealized op amp models and configuration, this title uses idealized models only when necessary to explain op amp theory. The bulk of this book is on real-world op amps and their applications; considerations such as thermal effects, circuit noise, circuit buffering, selection of appropriate op amps for a given application, and unexpected effects in passive components are all discussed in detail. *Published in conjunction with Texas Instruments *A single volume, professional-level guide to op amp theory and applications *Covers circuit board layout techniques for manufacturing op amp circuits.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication describes the features and functions the latest member of the IBM Z® platform, the IBM z15TM (machine type 8561). It includes information about the IBM z15 processor design, I/O innovations, security features, and supported operating systems. The z15 is a state-of-the-art data and transaction system that delivers advanced capabilities, which are vital to any digital transformation. The z15 is designed for enhanced modularity, which is in an industry standard footprint. This system excels at the following tasks: Making use of multicloud integration services Securing data with pervasive encryption Accelerating digital transformation with agile service delivery Transforming a transactional platform into a data powerhouse Getting more out of the platform with IT Operational Analytics Accelerating digital transformation with agile service delivery Revolutionizing business processes Blending open source and Z technologies This book explains how this system uses new innovations and traditional Z strengths to satisfy growing demand for cloud, analytics, and open source technologies. With the z15 as the base, applications can run in a trusted, reliable, and secure environment that improves operations and lessens business risk.

Full color publication. This document has been produced and updated over a 21-year period. It is intended to be a handy reference document, basically one page per flight, and care has been exercised to make it as error-free as possible. This document is basically "as flown" data and has been compiled from many sources including flight logs, flight rules, flight anomaly logs, mod flight descent summary, post flight analysis of mps propellants, FDRD, FRD, SODB, and the MER shuttle flight data and inflight anomaly list. Orbit distance traveled is taken from the PAO mission statistics.

Digital business has been driving the transformation of underlying information technology (IT) infrastructure to be more efficient, secure, adaptive, and integrated. IT must be able to handle the explosive growth of mobile clients and employees. It also must be able to process enormous amounts of data to provide deep and real-time insights to help achieve the greatest business impact. This IBM® Redbooks® publication addresses the new IBM z SystemsTM single frame, the IBM z13s server. IBM z Systems servers are the trusted enterprise platform for integrating data, transactions, and insight. A data-centric infrastructure must always be available with a 99.999% or better availability, have flawless data integrity, and be secured from misuse. It needs to be an integrated infrastructure that can support new applications. It also needs to have integrated capabilities that can provide new mobile capabilities with real-time analytics delivered by a secure cloud infrastructure. IBM z13s servers are designed with improved scalability, performance, security, resiliency, availability, and virtualization. The superscalar design allows z13s servers to deliver a record level of capacity over the prior single frame z Systems server. In its maximum configuration, the z13s server is powered by up to 20 client characterizable microprocessors (cores) running at 4.3 GHz. This configuration can run more than 18,000 millions of instructions per second (MIPS) and up to 4 TB of client memory. The IBM z13s Model N20 is estimated to provide up to 100% more total system capacity than the IBM zEnterprise® BC12 Model H13. This book provides information about the IBM z13s server and its functions, features, and associated software support. Greater detail is offered in areas relevant to technical planning. It is intended for systems engineers, consultants, planners, and anyone who wants to understand the IBM z SystemsTM functions and plan for their usage. It is not intended as an introduction to mainframes. Readers are expected to be generally familiar with existing IBM z Systems technology and terminology.