This scholarly legal work focuses on the dilemma of prosecuting gender-based crimes under the statutes of the international criminal tribunals with reference to the principle of fair labelling. In this book Hilmi M. Zawati explains how the abstractness and lack of accurate description of gender-based crimes in the statutory laws of the international criminal tribunals and courts infringe the principle of fair labelling, lead to inconsistent verdicts and punishments, and cause inadequate prosecution of these crimes. This inquiry deals with gender-based crimes as a case study, and with fair labelling as a legal principle and a theoretical framework. Critical and timely, this study contributes to existing scholarship in many different ways. It is the first legal analysis to focus on the dilemma of prosecuting and punishing wartime gender-based crimes in the statutory laws of the international criminal tribunals and the ICC in the context of fair labelling. Moreover, it emphasizes that applying fair labelling to wartime gender-based crimes would enable the tribunals and the ICC to deliver fair judgments, eliminate inconsistent prosecution, overcome shortcomings in addressing gender-based crimes within their jurisprudence, while breaking the cycle of impunity for these crimes. Consisting of two parts, this work begins by outlining the central focus and theoretical legal framework of the study. It concentrates on fair labelling as an imperative legal principle and a legal framework, examines its intellectual development, scope and justification, and illustrates its applicability to gender-based crimes. The second part addresses the dilemma of prosecuting gender-based crimes in the international criminal tribunals.

In Wartime Sexual Violence at the International Level: A Legal Perspective Dr. Caterina Arrabal Ward discusses the understanding of wartime sexual violence by the international tribunals and argues that wartime sexual violence often takes place without the explicit purpose to destroy a community or population and is not necessarily a strategic choice. This research suggests that a more focused approach based on a much clearer definition of these crimes would help to remedy deficiencies at the different stages of international justice in relation to these crimes.

The last few decades have seen remarkable developments in international criminal justice, especially in relation to the pursuit of individuals responsible for sexual violence and other gender-based crimes. Historically ignored, justified, or minimised, this category of crimes now has a heightened profile in the international political and judicial arena. Despite this, gender is poorly understood, and blind spots, biases, and stereotypes prevail. This book brings together leading feminist international criminal and humanitarian law academics and practitioners to examine the place of gender in international criminal law (ICL). It identifies and analyses past and current narrow understandings of gender, before considering how a limited conceptualization affects accountability efforts. The authors consider how best to implement a more nuanced understanding of gender in the practice of international criminal law by identifying possible responses, including embedding a sophisticated gender strategy into the practice of ICL, the gender-sensitive application of international human rights and humanitarian law, and encouraging a gender-competent approach to judging in ICL. The authors' aim is to strengthen efforts for accountability for all atrocity crimes-war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and aggression.

The analysis of national systems shows that states do not follow a single legislative model to govern criminal responsibility for international crimes at the national level, and often face doubts as to how far they are only expected to copy international constructions, and how far they should modify treaty or customary international law solutions to adapt them to their specific needs or legal culture. In the presented texts, the reader will find a range of commentaries on the definition of crimes, the rules of jurisdiction, the rules of responsibility, as well as difficulties in the framing of specific crimes within a judgement. The texts refer to the practice of national courts as well as international and internationalized courts. The authors of this publication hope that showing various national perspectives, political and – at times – cultural impacts on certain legal solutions will both facilitate understanding of the doubts as to the current form of international law norms and the system of international justice now in operation, and enable learning lessons for the future directions of amendments to national legislations, so that errors or difficulties once encountered in some countries could be turned into more robust legal constructions in others.

This book explores the need for greater accessibility, foreseeability, and fair labels in the application of different rules of international criminal law by international and domestic courts.

Justice for conflict-related sexual violence remains a critical problem for global society today. This ground-breaking book addresses pressing questions for 'international justice': what do existing approaches to international justice offer to victims of war and societies in conflict? And what possibilities do they provide for feminist social transformation? The Justice of Humans develops a new feminist approach to 'international justice'. Adopting a socio-legal perspective, it studies two major contemporary examples of legal and feminist approaches to justice, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the Women's Court (former Yugoslavia), focusing on their treatment of sexual violence as a gender-based crime. Drawing on feminist social theory, legal analysis, and empirical research, the book offers an innovative feminist framework for understanding 'international justice' and offers new theoretical and practical strategies for building feminist justice.

This book examines how historical narratives of mass atrocites are constructed and contested within international criminal courts. In particular, it looks into the important question of what tends to be foregrounded, and what tends to be excluded, in these narratives.

This work introduces and further develops the feminist strategy of 'norm transfer': the proposal that feminist informed standards created at the level of international criminal law make their way into domestic contexts. Situating this strategy within the complementarity regime of the International Criminal Court (ICC), it is argued that there is an opportunity for dialogue and debate around the contested aspects of international norms as opposed to uncritical acceptance. The book uses the crime of rape as a case study and offers a new perspective on one of the most contentious debates within international and domestic criminal legal feminism: the relationship between consent and coercion in the definition of rape. In analysing the ICC definition of rape, it is argued that the omission of consent as an explicit element is flawed. Arguing that the definition is in need of revision to explicitly include a context-sensitive notion of consent, the book goes further, setting out draft legislative amendments to the ICC 'Elements of Crimes' definition of rape and its Rules of Procedure and Evidence. Turning its attention to the domestic landscape, the book drafts amendments to the United Kingdom (UK) Sexual Offences Act 2003 and to the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999: thereby showing how the revised version of the ICC definition can be applied in context of the UK.

For years, commentators have complained that white-collar crime is both over-criminalized and underenforced. This book transcends that debate and argues that white-collar crime's weaknesses arise out of a series of interlocking pathologies: in lawmaking, in enforcement, and in how we track and discuss enforcement.

This comprehensive Commentary provides the first fully up-to-date analysis and interpretation of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. It offers a concise yet thorough article-by-article guide to the Convention’s anti-trafficking standards and corresponding human rights obligations.