Process models specify behavioral execution constraints between activities as well as between activities and data objects. A data object is characterized by its states and state transitions represented as object life cycle. For process execution, all behavioral execution constraints must be correct. Correctness can be verified via soundness checking which currently only considers control flow information. For data correctness, conformance between a process model and its object life cycles is checked. Current approaches abstract from dependencies between multiple data objects and require fully specified process models although, in real-world process repositories, often underspecified models are found. Coping with these issues, we introduce the concept of synchronized object life cycles and we define a mapping of data constraints of a process model to Petri nets extending an existing mapping. Further, we apply the notion of weak conformance to process models to tell whether each time an activity needs to access a data object in a particular state, it is guaranteed that the data object is in or can reach the expected state. Then, we introduce an algorithm for an integrated verification of control flow correctness and weak data conformance using soundness checking.

In today’s life, embedded systems are ubiquitous. But they differ from traditional desktop systems in many aspects – these include predictable timing behavior (real-time), the management of scarce resources (memory, network), reliable communication protocols, energy management, special purpose user-interfaces (headless operation), system configuration, programming languages (to support software/hardware co-design), and modeling techniques. Within this technical report, authors present results from the lecture “Operating Systems for Embedded Computing” that has been offered by the “Operating Systems and Middleware” group at HPI in Winter term 2013/14. Focus of the lecture and accompanying projects was on principles of real-time computing. Students had the chance to gather practical experience with a number of different OSes and applications and present experiences with near-hardware programming. Projects address the entire spectrum, from bare-metal programming to harnessing a real-time OS to exercising the full software/hardware co-design cycle. Three outstanding projects are at the heart of this technical report. Project 1 focuses on the development of a bare-metal operating system for LEGO Mindstorms EV3. While still a toy, it comes with a powerful ARM processor, 64 MB of main memory, standard interfaces, such as Bluetooth and network protocol stacks. EV3 runs a version of 1 1 Introduction Linux. Sources are available from Lego’s web site. However, many devices and their driver software are proprietary and not well documented. Developing a new, bare-metal OS for the EV3 requires an understanding of the EV3 boot process. Since no standard input/output devices are available, initial debugging steps are tedious. After managing these initial steps, the project was able to adapt device drivers for a few Lego devices to an extent that a demonstrator (the Segway application) could be successfully run on the new OS. Project 2 looks at the EV3 from a different angle. The EV3 is running a pretty decent version of Linux- in principle, the RT_PREEMPT patch can turn any Linux system into a real-time OS by modifying the behavior of a number of synchronization constructs at the heart of the OS. Priority inversion is a problem that is solved by protocols such as priority inheritance or priority ceiling. Real-time OSes implement at least one of the protocols. The central idea of the project was the comparison of non-real-time and real-time variants of Linux on the EV3 hardware. A task set that showed effects of priority inversion on standard EV3 Linux would operate flawlessly on the Linux version with the RT_PREEMPT-patch applied. If only patching Lego’s version of Linux was that easy... Project 3 takes the notion of real-time computing more seriously. The application scenario was centered around our Carrera Digital 132 racetrack. Obtaining position information from the track, controlling individual cars, detecting and modifying the Carrera Digital protocol required design and implementation of custom controller hardware. What to implement in hardware, firmware, and what to implement in application software – this was the central question addressed by the project.

Proceedings of the biennial International Workshops on Persistent Object Systems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP'98, held in Brussels, Belgium, in July 1998. The book presents 24 revised full technical papers selected for inclusion from a total of 124 submissions; also presented are two invited papers. The papers are organized in topical sections on modelling ideas and experiences; design patterns and frameworks; language problems and solutions; distributed memory systems; reuse, adaption and hardware support; reflection; extensible objects and types; and mixins, inheritance and type analysis complexity.

Advances in Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering This book includes the proceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering (SCSS’05). The proceedings are a set of rigorously reviewed world-class manuscripts addressing and detailing state-of-the-art research projects in the areas of computer science, software engineering, computer engineering, systems sciences and engineering, information technology, parallel and distributed computing and web-based programming. SCSS’05 was part of the International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information, and Systems Sciences, and Engineering (CISSE’05) (www. cisse2005. org), the World’s first Engineering/Computing and Systems Research E-Conference. CISSE’05 was the first high-caliber Research Conference in the world to be completely conducted online in real-time via the internet. CISSE’05 received 255 research paper submissions and the final program included 140 accepted papers, from more than 45 countries. The concept and format of CISSE’05 were very exciting and ground-breaking. The PowerPoint presentations, final paper manuscripts and time schedule for live presentations over the web had been available for 3 weeks prior to the start of the conference for all registrants, so they could choose the presentations they want to attend and think about questions that they might want to ask. The live audio presentations were also recorded and were part of the permanent CISSE archive, which also included all power point presentations and papers. SCSS’05 provided a virtual forum for presentation and discussion of the state-of the-art research on Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering.

ISBN:9781793156068 Contents · Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………………………………….01 1.1 Motivation…………………………………………………………………………..02 1.2 Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………………...03 · Chapter 2: Literature survey…………………………………………………………07 2.1 Previously Published Papers………………………………………………………..07 2.2 Existing Work………………………………………………………………………13 · Chapter 3: Proposed method…………………………………………………………14 3.1 Proposed Method…………………………………………………………………...14 3.2 System Requirements Specification ……………………………………………….14 Functional Requirements…………………………………………………………..15 Non Functional Requirements……………………………………………………..15 User Characteristics………………………………………………………………..16 Output Requirements………………………………………………………………16 Input Requirements………………………………………………………………..16 Software Requirements……………………………………………………………16 Hardware Requirements…………………………………………………………...17 3.3 Block diagram……………………………………………………………………...18 System Architecture……………………………………………………………….19 3.4 System Design…………………………………………………………………….19 Dataflow Diagram………………………………………………………………..19 Flowcharts………………………………………………………………………..20 Context Analysis Diagram……………………………………………………….25 Use case diagram…………………………………………………………………25 State diagram……………………………………………………………………..27 · Chapter 4: Detailed design of the Project……………………………………….….28 4.1 Algorithm………………………………………………………………………….28 Non Steal Algorithm……………………………………………………………...28 Steal Algorithm…………………………………………………………………...28 4.2 Interfacing and Implementation…………………………………………………...28 User Interface……………………………………………………………………..28 Implementation……………………………………………………………………29 Modules…………………………………………………………………………...29 Java………………………………………………………………………………..29 Java Database Connectivity……………………………………………………….33 Java RMI…………………………………………………………………………..37 Java Socket programming…………………………………………………………37 · Chapter 5: Testing of the Project……………………………………………..……..40 5.1 Testing Objectives………………………………………………………………….40 5.2 Testing Principles…………………………………………………………………..40 5.3 Testing Design……………………………………………………………………..40 Whitebox Testing………………………………………………………………….40 Blackbox testing…………………………………………………………………...41 5.4 Code Testing………………………………………………………………………..41 5.5 Testing Strategies…………………………………………………………………...41 Unit testing…………………………………………………………………………42 Integration Testing………………………………………………………………….42 Validation Testing………………………………………………………………….43 5.6 System Testing………………………………………………………………………45 Security Testing…………………………………………………………………….45 Performance Testing………………………………………………………………..45 · Chapter 6: Results and Discussions…………….…………………………………….46 6.1 Snap Shots…………………………………………………………………………..46 Non Steal…………………………………………………………………………...45 Steal…………………………………………………………………………….......56 6.2 Applications…………………………………………………………………………62 6.3 Constraints…………………………………………………………………………..62 · Chapter 7: Conclusion and Scope for future Enhancement ……………………….63 References………………………………………………………………………..........64

This book contains the refereed post-conference proceedings of the First International Self-Organizing Architectures Workshop (SOAR) in Cambridge, UK, in September 2009. The book includes 9 revised papers, which were selected from 17 submissions of the workshop, as well as 4 invited papers. The papers cover a broad range of topics related to self-organizing architectures, including self adaptive architectures, decentralized architectures, nature-inspired approaches, and learning approaches.

At the time of writing (mid-October 1998) we can look back at what has been a very successful ECOOP’98. Despite the time of the year – in the middle of what is traditionally regarded as a holiday period – ECOOP'98 was a record breaker in terms of number of participants. Over 700 persons found their way to the campus of the Brussels Free University to participate in a wide range of activities. This 3rd ECOOP workshop reader reports on many of these activities. It contains a careful selection of the input and a cautious summary of the outcome for the numerous discussions that happened during the workshops, demonstrations and posters. As such, this book serves as an excellent snapshot of the state of the art in the field of object oriented programming. About the diversity of the submissions A workshop reader is, by its very nature, quite diverse in the topics covered as well as in the form of its contributions. This reader is not an exception to this rule: as editors we have given the respective organizers much freedom in their choice of presentation because we feel form follows content. This explains the diversity in the types of reports as well as in their lay out.