Resin materials are broadly used in dentistry for almost all indications, and they will gain even more importance in the future. Especially the increasing performance and efficiency of the CAD/CAM technology and 3D-printing open possibilities to use resins which were not used up to now in dentistry. Besides dentists, dental students or dental technicians, there are many other specialists such as researchers, material scientists, industrial developers or experts of adjoining professional disciplines who are technically engaged in dental resins. The "Expert Level" is the third book of the series "Dental Resins - Material Science & Technology". The "Expert Level" includes all information and data presented in the "Basic Level" and "Advanced Level" of this series, but enormously expands the knowledge base. From a total database of 8.198 references, 1.707 were selected and used for this textbook. It comprises more than 1,000 manuscript pages, 384 figures and 124 tables. The "Expert Level" describes very accurately and comprehensively all details of the material science and technology of dental polymers and composites. Furthermore, their production methods and applications are discussed in detail. Therefore, this book is a unique treatise of the complete present knowledge about dental resins and dental resin composites. This includes the discussion of the - raw/starting materials together with the explanation and presentation of their chemical structures and properties, their CAS Numbers and the names of the manufacturers. - amounts of the raw/starting materials usually used to formulate the finished products. - important material and toxicological properties of the starting materials and the finished products. - detailed description of the production processes of essential starting materials such as the syntheses of essential monomers, the silanization of inorganic fillers or the manufacturing of unfilled and filled splinter polymers. - detailed description of the formulation and the properties of the finished products. Furthermore, for many commercial endproducts rather detailed formulations as well as the exact production processes are described. All ISO standards that are relevant for dental resins are listed, too. Furthermore, many essential methods to test the mechanical, chemical and toxicological properties are also presented and explained. The "Expert Level" enables every scientist with a good chemical knowledge not only to understand how dental polymers function, but also to develop new and improved products.

Resin materials are broadly used in dentistry for almost all indications, and they will gain even more importance in the future. Especially, the increasing performance and efficiency of the CAD/CAM technology and 3D-printing open possibilities to use resins not used up to now in dentistry. Besides dentists, dental students or dental technicians, there are many other specialists such as researchers, material scientists, industrial developers or experts of adjoining professional disciplines who are technically engaged in dental resins. The idea of this e-Book series is to present a three-level textbook consisting of "Basic Level", "Advanced Level" and "Expert Level" versions dealing with material science and technology of dental resins. Every level significantly expands the information and knowledge given by the respective preceding version. This book presents the "Basic Level" version. The "Basic Level" version especially addresses dentists, dental students, dental technicians, university teachers and all those who want to gain an overview about dental resins such as industrial developers or researchers of adjoining professional disciplines. The "Basic Level" gives a comprehensive insight into chemistry, physics, toxicology, material properties and compositions as well as the technical application of dental resins.

Resin materials are broadly used in dentistry for almost all indications, and they will gain even more importance in the future. Especially, the increasing performance and efficiency of the CAD/CAM technology and 3D-printing open possibilities to use resins not used up to now in dentistry. Besides dentists, dental students or dental technicians, there are many other specialists such as researchers, material scientists, industrial developers or experts of adjoining professional disciplines who are technically engaged in dental resins. The idea of this e-Book series is to present a three-level textbook consisting of "Basic Level", "Advanced Level" and "Expert Level" versions dealing with material science and technology of dental resins. Every level significantly expands the information and knowledge given by the respective preceding version. This book presents the "Advanced Level" version. The "Advanced Level" broadens the information given in the "Basic Level" significantly and mainly addresses teachers of dental universities/schools, postgraduate students, PhD candidates, researchers, material scientists, industrial developers or experts of adjoining professional disciplines. The "Advanced Level" gives a very profound insight into chemistry, physics, testing methods and toxicology of dental resins and their technical application.

The book presents 573 scanning electron microscopic (SEM) pictures of differently designed, untreated and treated human tooth specimens of molars and incisors in magnifications of more than 50,000 times. The specimens were made from permanent sound, caries-free teeth that were extracted for orthodontic reasons. Sawing and fracture areas were prepared. Treatments were done with phosphoric acid, polyacrylic acid, EDTA, sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid esters. Many unique pictures show the detailed structures of untreated and treated human enamel and dentin. This collection of SEM pictures might be quite unique in the world. This picture book is ideal for teaching purposes. The pictures are not discussed or interpreted, but it is only explained what is seen.

Aluminium is an engineering material of strategic importance in the current stage of Industry 4.0. This book discusses advanced composites based on aluminium alloys. It also describes pressure infiltration of gas with liquid aluminium, the mechanical synthesis of aluminium alloy powder and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) or multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) consolidated by plastic deformation, selected optimization and prediction models, casting aluminium alloys containing zirconium, aluminium alloys subjected to high-speed extrusion of shapes, corrosion resistance of alloys containing lithium, machining conditions of alloys with copper and zinc additions, and more.

As restorative dentistry shifts from a focus on core surgical procedures to the patient and their unique needs and values, this new book from acclaimed restorative dentistry expert Professor Avijit Banerjee is designed to support implementation of holistic patient care for long-term oral and dental health. The Guide to Advanced Minimum Intervention Restorative Dentistry describes the entire clinical journey through the minimum intervention oral healthcare delivery framework, with an emphasis on long term, risk-related, prevention-based care. It presents a blend of clinical and scientific evidence-based clinical protocols to guide the practitioner through the four domains of minimum intervention oral care - identifying disease, prevention / control, minimally invasive operative interventions, and review / re-assessment / active surveillance. Written in an engaging contemporary style and easy to navigate, this important book is suitable for all members of the team, from undergraduates to experienced primary care practitioners and specialists alike. - Suitable for all oral healthcare team members - Written in a concise, easy-to-read style with tables, flowcharts, illustrations, clinical images and bulleted lists - Blends clinical and scientific evidence, with clinical cases to support practice - Well-illustrated clinical guide of step-by-step protocols for learning and practising minimally invasive operative care, progressed from the pioneering work of HM Pickard - Includes practical dental disease prevention and control strategies - Covers the latest dental biomaterials and operative technologies - Contemporary approaches to dental caries management – selective caries removal, adhesion and sealed restorations - Long term maintenance of functional tooth-restoration complex using the "5Rs minimally invasive clinical protocols - Self-assessment tasks and references throughout to support personal learning

This handbook describes several current trends in the development of bioceramics and biocomposites for clinical use in the repair, remodelling, and regeneration of bone tissue. Comprehensive coverage of these materials allows fundamental aspects of the science and engineering to be seen in close relation to the clinical performance of dental and orthopaedic implants. Bioceramics and biocomposites appear to be the most dynamic area of materials development for both tissue engineering and implantable medical devices. Almost all medical specialties will continue to benefit from these developments, but especially dentistry and orthopaedics. In this Handbook, leading researchers describe the use of bionanomaterials to create new functionalities when interfaced with biological molecules or structures. Also described are technologies for bioceramics and biocomposites processing in order to fabricate medical devices for clinical use. Another important section of the book is dedicated to tissue regeneration with development of new matrices. A targeted or personalized treatment device reduces drug consumption and treatment expenses, resulting in benefits to the patient and cost reductions for public health systems. This authoritative reference on the state-of-the-art in the development and use of bioceramics and biocomposites can also serve as the basis of instructional course lectures for audiences ranging from advanced undergraduate students to post-graduates in materials science and engineering and biomedical engineering.

Advanced Dental Biomaterials is an invaluable reference for researchers and clinicians within the biomedical industry and academia. The book can be used by both an experienced researcher/clinician learning about other biomaterials or applications that may be applicable to their current research or as a guide for a new entrant into the field who needs to gain an understanding of the primary challenges, opportunities, most relevant biomaterials, and key applications in dentistry. - Provides a comprehensive review of the materials science, engineering principles and recent advances in dental biomaterials - Reviews the fundamentals of dental biomaterials and examines advanced materials' applications for tissues regeneration and clinical dentistry - Written by an international collaborative team of materials scientists, biomedical engineers, oral biologists and dental clinicians in order to provide a balanced perspective on the field

This book covers synthesis, characterization, and applications of diverse types of nanomaterials. Specifically, it describes carbon, graphene, and graphene oxide-based nanomaterials and their use for environmental remediation; rare-earth ions-activated nanophosphors and their application; lanthanide-based oxides as advanced nanostructured materials for organic decontamination; and advanced functional nanomaterials for pollutant sensing and water remediation. The chapters explore the use of nanomaterials in solid-phase extraction technique, design of colorimetric sensor based on gold nanoparticles, optical sources and waveguides based on flexible 1D nanomaterials, synthesis and property characterization of 2D materials with applications, and the scale effects on the value of the surface energy of a solid. The developments of some nanomaterials such as zinc and nickel sulfides as photocatalysts and electrocatalysts, effects of reducing size and incorporation of nanoadditives, advanced carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene and its derivations as adsorbents, and carbon spheres and carbon soot for tribological applications are also presented in this book. In addition, nanomaterials for concrete coating applications and advances in the processing of high-entropy alloys by means of mechanical alloying are also covered. Subsequently, the use of nanomaterials in endodontics and the use of nanotechnology strategies to enhance restorative resin-based dental nanomaterials are reported.

This informative volume discusses recent advancements in the research and development in synthesis, characterization, processing, morphology, structure, and properties of advanced polymeric materials. With contributions from leading international researchers and professors in academic, government and industrial institutions, Advanced Polymeric Materials for Sustainability and Innovations has a special focus on eco-friendly polymers, polymer composites, nanocomposites, and blends and materials for traditional and renewable energy. In this book the relationship between processing-morphology-property applications of polymeric materials is well established. Recent advances in the synthesis of new functional monomers has shown strong potential in generating better property polymers from renewable resources. Fundamental advances in the field of nanocomposite blends and nanostructured polymeric materials in automotive, civil, biomedical and packaging/coating applications are the highlights of this book.