In this valuable work, George Santayana developed the view that poetry is called religion when it intervenes in life, and religion is seen to be nothing but poetry when it merely supervenes upon life. He states that religion and poetry are celebrations of life. Each holds a great value, but if either is misunderstood for science, the art of life will be lost along with the beauty of poetry and religion. Science provides explanations of natural phenomena, but poetry and religion are joyful celebrations of human life born of consciousness. His views contributed immensely to the debate between science and religion at the turn of the century and continue to impact current discussions about the nature of religion. He remained sympathetic to religion and people with religious beliefs throughout the work. He expressed that the religious doctrine might all be just a delusion, but it is generally a helpful one, and the ideal meaning of religion is the nearest thing we have when it comes to complete truth.

"A wonderful introduction the Japanese tradition of jisei, this volume is crammed with exquisite, spontaneous verse and pithy, often hilarious, descriptions of the eccentric and committed monastics who wrote the poems." --Tricycle: The Buddhist Review Although the consciousness of death is, in most cultures, very much a part of life, this is perhaps nowhere more true than in Japan, where the approach of death has given rise to a centuries-old tradition of writing jisei, or the "death poem." Such a poem is often written in the very last moments of the poet's life. Hundreds of Japanese death poems, many with a commentary describing the circumstances of the poet's death, have been translated into English here, the vast majority of them for the first time. Yoel Hoffmann explores the attitudes and customs surrounding death in historical and present-day Japan and gives examples of how these have been reflected in the nation's literature in general. The development of writing jisei is then examined--from the longing poems of the early nobility and the more "masculine" verses of the samurai to the satirical death poems of later centuries. Zen Buddhist ideas about death are also described as a preface to the collection of Chinese death poems by Zen monks that are also included. Finally, the last section contains three hundred twenty haiku, some of which have never been assembled before, in English translation and romanized in Japanese.