We begin our applications of fixed point methods with existence of solutions to certain first order initial initial value problems. This problem is relatively easy to treat, illustrates important methods, and in the end will carry us a good deal further than may first meet the eye. Thus, we seek solutions to Y'. = I(t,y) (1. 1 ) { yeO) = r n where I: I X R n ---+ R and I = [0, b]. We shall seek solutions that are de fined either locally or globally on I, according to the assumptions imposed on I. Notice that (1. 1) is a system of first order equations because I takes its values in Rn. In section 3. 2 we will first establish some basic existence theorems which guarantee that a solution to (1. 1) exists for t > 0 and near zero. Familiar examples show that the interval of existence can be arbi trarily short, depending on the initial value r and the nonlinear behaviour of I. As a result we will also examine in section 3. 2 the dependence of the interval of existence on I and r. We mention in passing that, in the results which follow, the interval I can be replaced by any bounded interval and the initial value can be specified at any point in I. The reasoning needed to cover this slightly more general situation requires minor modifications on the arguments given here.

The theory of integral and integrodifferential equations has ad vanced rapidly over the last twenty years. Of course the question of existence is an age-old problem of major importance. This mono graph is a collection of some of the most advanced results to date in this field. The book is organized as follows. It is divided into twelve chap ters. Each chapter surveys a major area of research. Specifically, some of the areas considered are Fredholm and Volterra integral and integrodifferential equations, resonant and nonresonant problems, in tegral inclusions, stochastic equations and periodic problems. We note that the selected topics reflect the particular interests of the authors. Donal 0 'Regan Maria Meehan CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND PRELIMINARIES 1.1. Introduction The aim of this book is firstly to provide a comprehensive existence the ory for integral and integrodifferential equations, and secondly to present some specialised topics in integral equations which we hope will inspire fur ther research in the area. To this end, the first part of the book deals with existence principles and results for nonlinear, Fredholm and Volterra inte gral and integrodifferential equations on compact and half-open intervals, while selected topics (which reflect the particular interests of the authors) such as nonresonance and resonance problems, equations in Banach spaces, inclusions, and stochastic equations are presented in the latter part.

Providing readers with the very basic knowledge necessary to begin research on differential equations with professional ability, the selection of topics here covers the methods and results that are applicable in a variety of different fields. The book is divided into four parts. The first covers fundamental existence, uniqueness, smoothness with respect to data, and nonuniqueness. The second part describes the basic results concerning linear differential equations, while the third deals with nonlinear equations. In the last part the authors write about the basic results concerning power series solutions. Each chapter begins with a brief discussion of its contents and history, and hints and comments for many problems are given throughout. With 114 illustrations and 206 exercises, the book is suitable for a one-year graduate course, as well as a reference book for research mathematicians.

Ordinary differential equations have long been an important area of study because of their wide application in physics, engineering, biology, chemistry, ecology, and economics. Based on a series of lectures given at the Universities of Melbourne and New South Wales in Australia, Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations takes the reader from basic elementary notions to the point where the exciting and fascinating developments in the theory of nonlinear differential equations can be understood and appreciated. Each chapter is self-contained, and includes a selection of problems together with some detailed workings within the main text. Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations helps develop an understanding of the subtle and sometimes unexpected properties of nonlinear systems and simultaneously introduces practical analytical techniques to analyze nonlinear phenomena. This excellent book gives a structured, systematic, and rigorous development of the basic theory from elementary concepts to a point where readers can utilize ideas in nonlinear differential equations.

This collection of 24 papers, which encompasses the construction and the qualitative as well as quantitative properties of solutions of Volterra, Fredholm, delay, impulse integral and integro-differential equations in various spaces on bounded as well as unbounded intervals, will conduce and spur further research in this direction.

This brief modern introduction to the subject of ordinary differential equations emphasizes stability theory. Concisely and lucidly expressed, it is intended as a supplementary text for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students who have completed a first course in ordinary differential equations. The author begins by developing the notions of a fundamental system of solutions, the Wronskian, and the corresponding fundamental matrix. Subsequent chapters explore the linear equation with constant coefficients, stability theory for autonomous and nonautonomous systems, and the problems of the existence and uniqueness of solutions and related topics. Problems at the end of each chapter and two Appendixes on special topics enrich the text.

Superb, self-contained graduate-level text covers standard theorems concerning linear systems, existence and uniqueness of solutions, and dependence on parameters. Focuses on stability theory and its applications to oscillation phenomena, self-excited oscillations, more. Includes exercises.

Studies in Applied Mathematics, 2: Nonlinear Differential Equations focuses on modern methods of solutions to boundary value problems in linear partial differential equations. The book first tackles linear and nonlinear equations, free boundary problem, second order equations, higher order equations, boundary conditions, and spaces of continuous functions. The text then examines the weak solution of a boundary value problem and variational and topological methods. Discussions focus on general boundary conditions for second order ordinary differential equations, minimal surfaces, existence theorems, potentials of boundary value problems, second derivative of a functional, convex functionals, Lagrange conditions, differential operators, Sobolev spaces, and boundary value problems. The manuscript examines noncoercive problems and vibrational inequalities. Topics include existence theorems, formulation of the problem, vanishing nonlinearities, jumping nonlinearities with finite jumps, rapid nonlinearities, and periodic problems. The text is highly recommended for mathematicians and engineers interested in nonlinear differential equations.

This book provides a self-contained introduction to ordinary differential equations and dynamical systems suitable for beginning graduate students. The first part begins with some simple examples of explicitly solvable equations and a first glance at qualitative methods. Then the fundamental results concerning the initial value problem are proved: existence, uniqueness, extensibility, dependence on initial conditions. Furthermore, linear equations are considered, including the Floquet theorem, and some perturbation results. As somewhat independent topics, the Frobenius method for linear equations in the complex domain is established and Sturm–Liouville boundary value problems, including oscillation theory, are investigated. The second part introduces the concept of a dynamical system. The Poincaré–Bendixson theorem is proved, and several examples of planar systems from classical mechanics, ecology, and electrical engineering are investigated. Moreover, attractors, Hamiltonian systems, the KAM theorem, and periodic solutions are discussed. Finally, stability is studied, including the stable manifold and the Hartman–Grobman theorem for both continuous and discrete systems. The third part introduces chaos, beginning with the basics for iterated interval maps and ending with the Smale–Birkhoff theorem and the Melnikov method for homoclinic orbits. The text contains almost three hundred exercises. Additionally, the use of mathematical software systems is incorporated throughout, showing how they can help in the study of differential equations.