This book is intended for self-study or as a companion of lectures delivered to post-graduate students on the subject of the computational prediction of complex turbulent flows. There are several books in the extensive literature on turbulence that deal, in statistical terms, with the phenomenon itself, as well its many manifestations in the context of fluid dynamics. Statistical Turbulence Modelling for Fluid Dynamics — Demystified differs from these and focuses on the physical interpretation of a broad range of mathematical models used to represent the time-averaged effects of turbulence in computational prediction schemes for fluid flow and related transport processes in engineering and the natural environment. It dispenses with complex mathematical manipulations and instead gives physical and phenomenological explanations. This approach allows students to gain a 'feel' for the physical fabric represented by the mathematical structure that describes the effects of turbulence and the models embedded in most of the software currently used in practical fluid-flow predictions, thus counteracting the ill-informed black-box approach to turbulence modelling. This is done by taking readers through the physical arguments underpinning exact concepts, the rationale of approximations of processes that cannot be retained in their exact form, and essential calibration steps to which the resulting models are subjected by reference to theoretically established behaviour of, and experimental data for, key canonical flows.

After a brief review of the more popular turbulence models, the author presents and discusses accurate and efficient numerical methods for solving the boundary-layer equations with turbulence models based on algebraic formulas (mixing length, eddy viscosity) or partial-differential transport equations. A computer program employing the Cebeci-Smith model and the k-e model for obtaining the solution of two-dimensional incompressible turbulent flows without separation is discussed in detail and is presented in the accompanying CD.

Turbulent Jets

"Symposium Transsonicum" was founded by Klaus Oswatitsch four decades ago when there was clearly a need for a systematic treatment of flow problems in the higher speed regime in aeronautics. The first conference in 1962 brought together scientists concerned with fundamental problems involving the sonic flow speed regime. Results of the conference provided an understanding of some basic tran sonic phenomena by proposing mathematical methods that allowed for the de velopment of practical calculations. The "Transonic Controversy" (about shock free flows) was still an open issue after this meeting. In 1975 the second symposium was held, by then there was much understanding in how to avoid shocks in a steady plane flow to be designed, but still very little was known in unsteady phenomena due to a lack of elucidating experiments. A third meeting in 1988 reflected the availability oflarger computers which allowed the numerical analysis of flows with shocks to a reasonable accuracy. Because we are trying to keep Oswatitsch's heritage in science alive especially in Gottingen, we were asked by the aerospace research community to organize another symposium. Much had been achieved already in the knowledge, techno logy and applications in transonics, so IUT AM had to be convinced that a fourth meeting would not just be a reunion of old friends reminiscing some scientific past. The scientific committee greatly supported my efforts to invite scientists ac tively working in transonic problems which still pose substantial difficulties to ae rospace and turbomachinery industry.

The aerospace industry increasingly relies on advanced numerical simulation tools in the early design phase. This volume provides the results of a German initiative which combines many of the CFD development activities from the German Aerospace Center (DLR), universities, and aircraft industry. Numerical algorithms for structured and hybrid Navier-Stokes solvers are presented in detail. The capabilities of the software for complex industrial applications are demonstrated.

This volume offers contributions reflecting a selection of the lectures presented at the international conference BAIL 2014, which was held from 15th to 19th September 2014 at the Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. These are devoted to the theoretical and/or numerical analysis of problems involving boundary and interior layers and methods for solving these problems numerically. The authors are both mathematicians (pure and applied) and engineers, and bring together a large number of interesting ideas. The wide variety of topics treated in the contributions provides an excellent overview of current research into the theory and numerical solution of problems involving boundary and interior layers.

Finite volume methods are used for various applications in fluid dynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, structural analysis or nuclear physics. A closer look reveals many interesting phenomena and mathematical or numerical difficulties, such as true error analysis and adaptivity, modelling of multi-phase phenomena or fitting problems, stiff terms in convection/diffusion equations and sources. To overcome existing problems and to find solution methods for future applications requires many efforts and always new developments. The goal of The International Symposium on Finite Volumes for Complex Applications VI is to bring together mathematicians, physicists and engineers dealing with Finite Volume Techniques in a wide context. This book, divided in two volumes, brings a critical look at the subject (new ideas, limits or drawbacks of methods, theoretical as well as applied topics).

Advances in Heat Transfer, Volume 51, provides in-depth review articles from a broader scope than in traditional journals or texts, with this comprehensive release covering chapters on Micro and nanoparticle transport phenomena in confined flows, A review of heat transfer in the transitional flow regime, and much more. - Fills the information gap between regularly scheduled journals and university-level textbooks by providing in-depth review articles over a broader scope than in traditional journals or texts - Provides essential reading for all mechanical, chemical and industrial engineers working in the field of heat transfer - Presents a great resource for use in graduate school level courses