More than 25 years ago, when ultrasound diagnostic methods were first intro duced into gynecology and obstetrics, few of the pioneers of these techniques sus pected what importance sonographic diagnosis was destined to assume. It was soon recognized that the organs of the lesser pelvis could be visualized to much greater advantage by inserting probes into the natural bodily orifices than by abdominal sonography. Full exploitation of the physical properties of ultra sound had to wait, as so often in the history of sonography, for technological ad vances. Endosonography in the form available to us today combines the advantages of endoscopy and sonography. The next light-reflecting surface, once the limit of en doscopy, represents no barrier to ultrasound. A whole range of both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures can be sonographically guided. Blood flow in vessels lying deep in the lesser pelvis can now be measured by means of vaginal duplex sonography.

This is a unique book in that it brings together the two key investigative techniques in Gynaecology and Obstetrics, namely ultrasound and endoscopy. So often in the past they were regarded by their exponents as rival techniques but it is now recognised that they are complementary to each other. Consequently future trainees in endoscopy should become efficient in transvaginal sonography and vice versa. Ultrasound can be used to study the morphology of the pelvic organs such as the endometrium, myometrium and ovaries, and being non-invasive, safe and convenient can be repeated as often as is deemed necessary to monitor changes over time; for example in the investigation of the infertile woman the development of the dominant follicle, the maturation of the endometrium and the formation of the corpus luteum can be documented throughout the menstrual cycle while growth of ovarian cysts can be precisely measured to determine the need for surgery. A seldom-mentioned strength of the ultrasound examination is its interactive quality, for example by performing abdominal palpation during the scan, the mobility of the uterus and ovaries can be assessed. Also the images as they appear can be shown to the patient to aid understanding. Ultrasound can also determine function and the use of Doppler has been used for example to access endometrial receptivity, follicular maturity and the likelihood of malignancy in the endometrium or ovary.

Ultrasound forms part of the RCOG's mandatory training programme for all doctors wishing to specialise in obstetrics and gynaecology. This book will be of use to both trainees and those already in clinical practice looking for a user-friendly reference guide to its use in gynaecology and early pregnancy.

The Definitive Reference for Obstetric UltrasoundComplete-The most comprehensive work on obstetric ultrasound available, with over 1500 superb illustrations (700 in color)-Textbook and atlas in one-Combined with the gynecologic volume, provides an archive of information and images that leaves no question unansweredSystematic-Screening, biometry and organ biometry, detailed and systematic diagnosis of fetal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, abnormal pregnancies-Transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound, Doppler and color Doppler scanning, 3D ultrasound, ultrasound-guided invasive diagnostic and therapeutic proceduresPractice-Oriented-The ideal reference work for sonographic findings in frequent and rare malformations and syndromes-Actual specimens shown next to ultrasound images for comparison.

Following the development of gray-scale imaging, real-time scanning, Doppler examination, and high-frequency sonography, endosonography is one of the latest major breakthroughs in the history of diagnostic ultrasound. Although early attempts at inserting ultrasound transducers in natural cavities of the body can be traced back more than two decades, only in the past few years has technology allowed the development and commercialization of effective, easy-to-use endosono scopic probes. Because the transducer can be placed in direct contact with or close to lesions, high frequencies (up to ~2 MHz) can be used, yielding cross-sectional images of unsurpassed resolution. The availability of specially designed intracorporeal probes for specific natural cavities that are routinely explored by conventional (optical) endoscopy or palpation has significantly expanded the diagnostic applications of sonography. Transrectal and transvaginal examinations are now performed routinely in many institutions, and virtually all sonographic equipment manufac turers have in their line of products at least one endorectal and one endovaginal transducer. Most endosonoscopic probes connect to existing scanners, and for radiology departments, the invest ment for transrectal or transvaginal scanning will usually be limited to the purchase of the specific probe. In this book, clinical applications of endosonography (excluding transesophageal echocardio graphy) are covered by European and North American experts. Current equipment and techniques of examination are described in detail to help newcomers get started in the field of endosonography.

This practical, two volume handbook provides a critical look at state-of -the-art ultrasound techniques and equipment. It is a comprehensive reference with numerous black/white and color ultrasonograms, tables and graphs. The volumes include extensive literature citations which assist the investigator in finding more in-depth references. This work focuses on the recent remarkable expansion in both diagnostic techniques and clinical applications. It reports findings based on an unusually large patient population over al long time period. It presents the accuracy and limitations of various aspects of ultrasound.

The different chapters in the book cover a wide range of reproductive medicine and science. They represent the cutting-edges of each discipline and are written by acknowledged experts in the field. The editors have endeavored to select contributors who are at the forefront of their disciplines, thereby ensuring the freshness of each chapter. This book is divided into seven sections: Infertility management, ART, embryology, endoscopy, male factor, USG in infertility and advances in infertility management. The book was written with the aim of providing current and practical approaches for patient management.

This is the 1st edition of the book Handbook on Managing Infertility (Meeting the Challenges in Low-Resource Settings). The text is comprehensive, updated as per the present day requirements in the subject of infertility. In this edition of the book an effort is made to highlight the special problems and hurdles to provide infertility treatment in low resource setups. The book has 26 chapters. The first chapter deals with history of human assisted reproductive technology. Chapter two provides a comprehensive description of infertility in developing world. Next four chapters are dedicated to ART unit in low resource setting. Chapters from 9 to 12 deal with different conditions associated with infertility. Subsequent chapters describe setting up of ART unit, assisted reproductive technology and law and ethics related to ART. A comprehensive index is given at last.

Recent advances in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies led to a new worldwide consensus to introduce image guidance to gynecologic radiation therapy, particularly to brachytherapy. The book summarizes the changed practice of management: treatment planning for cervical cancer, not modified for over 60 years, has been shifted to an image-based approach, endometrial cancer management with an increase in the use of chemotherapy and vaginal brachytherapy, and vaginal cancer therapy including image guidance and high-dose delivery with IMRT.

Part of the popular Case Review series, this outstanding Board review book presents over 200 unknown cases-complete with over 350 state-of-the-art images, questions, answers, commentary, references, and more-to enhance your imaging interpretation skills in obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound. Discussions incorporate the most recent knowledge from OB/GYN ultrasound literature, providing an excellent review for both residents and practitioners. Follows the format of the Boards, and offers case studies similar to those likely to be found on exams, for a realistic preparation for the test-taking experience. Presents cases in 3 overall categories-from least to most difficult-to build your skills in a cumulative way. Offers cross references to Ultrasound: The Requisites, 2nd Edition so it's easy to find in-depth information on any subject. Features over 350 state-of-the-art images-many of them new to this edition-that capture the full range of imaging findings in obstetric in gynecologic ultrasound. Places an increased emphasis on differential diagnosis, to help you distinguish specific diseases and disorders from others that have a similar sonographic presentation. Includes new coverage of abnormal IUD location . chorioangioma of the placenta . invasive molar pregnancy . fetal tachycardia causing non-immune fetal hydrops . vasa previa . fetal arachnoid cyst . amniotic sheet and amniotic band syndrome . postmenopausal ovarian cyst . autosomal recessive polycystic renal disease in the fetus . bladder flap hematoma . and more. Groups cases by topic for a more efficient, targeted review of information.