In Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination Holning Lau offers an incisive review of the conceptual questions that arise as legal systems around the world grapple with whether and how to protect people against sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination.

Having recently authored one of the most significant books, Money, Myths and Change, in this exciting area of economics, Lee Badgett has now teamed up with Jeff Frank and a collection of international contributors to provide an analysis of sexual orientation discrimination on an international scale. Discrimination based on sexual orientation continues to fuel collective action, policy debates and academic scrutiny in many countries. For some time, sociologists and psychologists have studied sexual orientation discrimination in institutions and explored prejudices against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people in mainstream areas. Now economists have also begun to examine the experiences of lesbians, gay men and bisexuals in less traditional research sectors including the labour, housing, credit, and retail markets. This book includes sections on: wages and jobs discrimination across institutional contexts discrimination in cultural institutions including religion, education and sport addressing discrimination through public policies. Innovative and up-to-date this book is an essential read for postgraduate students studying in the areas of political economy, gender studies and feminist economics.

It is no secret that since the 1980s, American workers have lost power vis-à-vis employers through the well-chronicled steep decline in private sector unionization. American workers have also lost power in other ways. Those alleging employment discrimination have fared increasingly poorly in the courts. In recent years, judges have dismissed scores of cases in which workers presented evidence that supervisors referred to them using racial or gender slurs. In one federal district court, judges dismissed more than 80 percent of the race discrimination cases filed over a year. And when juries return verdicts in favor of employees, judges often second guess those verdicts, finding ways to nullify the jury's verdict and rule in favor of the employer. Most Americans assume that that an employee alleging workplace discrimination faces the same legal system as other litigants. After all, we do not usually think that legal rules vary depending upon the type of claim brought. The employment law scholars Sandra A. Sperino and Suja A. Thomas show in Unequal that our assumptions are wrong. Over the course of the last half century, employment discrimination claims have come to operate in a fundamentally different legal system than other claims. It is in many respects a parallel universe, one in which the legal system systematically favors employers over employees. A host of procedural, evidentiary, and substantive mechanisms serve as barriers for employees, making it extremely difficult for them to access the courts. Moreover, these mechanisms make it fairly easy for judges to dismiss a case prior to trial. Americans are unaware of how the system operates partly because they think that race and gender discrimination are in the process of fading away. But such discrimination still happens in the workplace, and workers now have little recourse to fight it legally. By tracing the modern history of employment discrimination, Sperino and Thomas provide an authoritative account of how our legal system evolved into an institution that is inherently biased against workers making rights claims.

Section 1557 is the nondiscrimination provision of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This brief guide explains Section 1557 in more detail and what your practice needs to do to meet the requirements of this federal law. Includes sample notices of nondiscrimination, as well as taglines translated for the top 15 languages by state.

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- ONE. The Case Law: Expanding Protection -- TWO. Neutrality -- THREE. Antisubordination -- FOUR. Status -- FIVE. Perfectionism -- SIX. Expressive Freedom: A Short Discussion of a Value That Is Not There -- SEVEN. The Race Paradox -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W