The art of the emblem is a pan-European phenomenon which developed in Western and Central Europe in the early modern period. It adopted meanings and motifs from Antiquity and the Middle Ages as part of a general humanistic impulse. Technological developments in printing that permitted the combination of letterpress with woodblock, and later copperplate, images, ensured that the emblem spread rapidly by way of printed collections. With time, emblematic ideas moved beyond Europe, conveying their insights and wisdom in the compact form of the book. These same books came to influence artists and designers working in the decoration of buildings, furniture, and household items, so that emblems entered personal life; they infiltrated festive culture, too. In such environments beyond the book, emblems were transported, adapted, and embedded in new functional contexts shaped by social, political, or religious conditions, but also by architectonical and regional art historical parameters. The results of these transformations are often of an intricate and complex meaning. The combination of word and image that constitutes the emblem still has resonance in contemporary art and architecture. The study of emblems allows us to look back at the collaborative endeavours of creative minds of earlier times from across Europe and beyond. At a time when that continent is under strain, and the world in general seeks to come to terms with globalization, emblems allow reflection on strongly shared cultural values and connections.

These two volumes offer an unprecedented collection of flags, seals, and symbols used every day around the world. In today's global society it is necessary to recognize and identify not only our own symbols, but symbols from nations and territories far removed from home. Empowering readers to identify symbols in daily use all over the world, The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems features an extensive collection of international symbols and cultural emblems never before compiled in such a concise and easy-to-use work. It is inclusive of all the UN member states and some of the most prominent stateless nations. This refreshing alternative to other commonly used sites blends both the political and cultural, including not only flags, national seals, and national anthems, but also foods and recipes, national heroes, sports teams, festivals, and pivotal events that figure in the formation of national identity. This versatile source will prove valuable to a wide audience, benefiting not only high school and undergraduate student researchers, but international businesses, journalists, and government offices.

9 x 12, 88 b&w photos, 104 pgs of color drawings & organizational chartsSurely some of the most colorful warplanes ever to see active service, the aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force carried the samurai regard for brightly colored armor and equipment into the 20th century. The heraldic traditions of the warriors of ancient Japan found new expression as the emblems for all types of air units in the service of the Emperor. Used by flying training schools, fighter squadrons, bomber groups and, ultimately, suicide formations, all sprang from the Japanese love of symbolism and design. Some were hundreds of years old, others existed for only a few weeks or months. Each one that can be verified from photographs is illustrated here in glorious color. This title's 100 pages of full color drawings show the emblems both by unit and by aircraft type, allowing the enthusiast to rapidly identify exactly which formation a specific aircraft may have belonged to. Numerous photos illustrate the many variations of emblems and the different aircraft types which carried them. Organizational charts give Orders of Battle in different theatres of war, ranging from Manchuria, China and Burma to the Home Islands.

This classic encyclopedia of symbols by the renowned Spanish poet illuminates the imagery of myth, modern psychology, literature, and art. J. E. Cirlot’s A Dictionary of Symbols is a feat of scholarship, an act of the imagination, and a tool for contemplation, as well as a work of literature—a reference book that is as indispensable as it is brilliant and learned. Cirlot was a composer, poet, critic, and champion of modern art whose interest in surrealism helped introduce him to the study of symbolism. This volume explores the space between the world at large and the world within, where nothing is meaningless, and everything is in some way related to something else. Running from “abandonment” to “zone” by way of “flute” and “whip,” spanning the cultures of the world, and including a wealth of visual images to further bring the reality of the symbol home, A Dictionary of Symbols is a luminous and illuminating investigation of the works of eternity in time.

"First published 2005 by Merrell Publishers Limited."--Colophon.

The unvarying essential meanings of around 1,000 symbols and symbolic themes commonly found in the art, literature and thought of all cultures through the ages are clarified.