Geography as an academic discipline dates back to the last few decades of the nineteenth century. However, during the preceding centuries a large body of English-language literature relevant to the field of special geography was published. Four Centuries of Special Geography lists all the works published before 1888 and includes descriptions of each entry and notes on later editions.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Excerpt from Elements of Geography, Ancient and Modern: With an Atlas IN the second edition of the Elements of Geography, various alterations have been made, with a view better to adapt the information to the present state of the world, and also to make improvements in the general plan of the work. The principal alterations are the following 1st. The census of the' United States for 1820, instead of that for I810, has been made use of. 2. The statistics of many foreign countries have been given for a more recent date. 3. Round numbers have been generally adopted, being more easily remembered, and sufficiently minute in a work of this kind. 4. Statistical and other information exhibited in the form of tables, has been separated f1 om the body of the work, and formed into a distinct division, under the head of Comparative Geography, with questions in order to facilitate the use of the tables. 5. Facts com mon to the general divisions of the United States, have been given under those general divisions, in order to pre vent the repetition of them under the individual states. 6 Short historical notices have been added. 7. In some instances -matter contained in the first edition has been omitted or abridged, in order to make room for other matter deemed. More important. 8. A vocabulary has been added, giving the pronunciation of 'most of the. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."