Slow Heavy-Particle Induced Electron Emission from Solid Surfaces

Slow Heavy-Particle Induced Electron Emission from Solid Surfaces
Author :
Publisher : Springer
Total Pages : 246
Release :
ISBN-10 : 3540835296
ISBN-13 : 9783540835295
Rating : 4/5 (96 Downloads)

Synopsis Slow Heavy-Particle Induced Electron Emission from Solid Surfaces by : Hannspeter Winter

The emission of electrons from solid surfaces bombarded by slow neutral and ionized heavy particles (atoms, molecules) is reviewed both theoretically and in the light of recent experimental studies by leading groups in the field. The book integrates physics of ion beams, surfaces and chemical physics, and serves both as a reference work for researchers and a textbook for graduate students.

Slow Heavy-Particle Induced Electron Emission from Solid Surfaces

Slow Heavy-Particle Induced Electron Emission from Solid Surfaces
Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages : 254
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9783540707882
ISBN-13 : 3540707883
Rating : 4/5 (82 Downloads)

Synopsis Slow Heavy-Particle Induced Electron Emission from Solid Surfaces by : Hannspeter Winter

The emission of electrons from solid surfaces bombarded by slow neutral and ionized heavy particles (atoms, molecules) is reviewed both theoretically and in the light of recent experimental studies by leading groups in the field. The book integrates physics of ion beams, surfaces and chemical physics, and serves both as a reference work for researchers and a textbook for graduate students.

Electron Emission Following the Interaction of Slow Highly Charged Ions with Solids

Electron Emission Following the Interaction of Slow Highly Charged Ions with Solids
Author :
Publisher :
Total Pages : 93
Release :
ISBN-10 : OCLC:871379324
ISBN-13 :
Rating : 4/5 (24 Downloads)

Synopsis Electron Emission Following the Interaction of Slow Highly Charged Ions with Solids by :

The interaction of highly-charged ions with surfaces involves many excitation processes of the surface atoms and the bulk material. One such process, the emission of electrons from surfaces due to the potential energy of the incident ions has been studied. The experimental results presented here confirm that the majority of electrons emitted as a result of highly-charged ions interacting with a solid surface have energies of about 20 eV. Auger processes contribute a smaller fraction of the total emitted electrons with increasing Z of the projectile. This contribution to the total electron emission yield is found to be less than 5% for Ne{sup 9+} and less than 1% for Ar{sup 18+}. For Z≥ 54, no Auger electrons were detected. The early indications that the total number of emitted low energy electrons increases linearly with charge have been demonstrated not to hold for q ≥ 18.

Fundamentals of Solid-State Lighting

Fundamentals of Solid-State Lighting
Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
Total Pages : 606
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9781466561090
ISBN-13 : 1466561092
Rating : 4/5 (90 Downloads)

Synopsis Fundamentals of Solid-State Lighting by : Vinod Kumar Khanna

Compared to traditional electrical filaments, arc lamps, and fluorescent lamps, solid-state lighting offers higher efficiency, reliability, and environmentally friendly technology. LED / solid-state lighting is poised to take over conventional lighting due to cost savings—there is pretty much no debate about this. In response to the recent activity in this field, Fundamentals of Solid-State Lighting: LEDs, OLEDs, and Their Applications in Illumination and Displays covers a range of solid-state devices, technologies, and materials used for lighting and displays. It also examines auxiliary but critical requirements of efficient applications, such as modeling, thermal management, reliability, and smart lighting. The book discusses performance metrics of LEDs such as efficiency, efficacy, current–voltage characteristics, optical parameters like spectral distribution, color temperature, and beam angle before moving on to luminescence theory, injection luminescence, radiative and non-radiative recombination mechanisms, recombination rates, carrier lifetimes, and related topics. This lays down the groundwork for understanding LED operation. The book then discusses energy gaps, light emission, semiconductor material, special equipment, and laboratory facilities. It also covers production and applications of high-brightness LEDs (HBLEDs) and organic LEDs (OLEDs). LEDs represent the landmark development in lighting since the invention of electric lighting, allowing us to create unique, low-energy lighting solutions, not to talk about their minor maintenance expenses. The rapid strides of LED lighting technology over the last few years have changed the dynamics of the global lighting market, and LEDs are expected to be the mainstream light source in the near future. In a nutshell, the book traces the advances in LEDs, OLEDs, and their applications, and presents an up-to-date and analytical perspective of the scenario for audiences of different backgrounds and interests.

Fundamental Biomaterials: Metals

Fundamental Biomaterials: Metals
Author :
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Total Pages : 466
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9780081022061
ISBN-13 : 0081022069
Rating : 4/5 (61 Downloads)

Synopsis Fundamental Biomaterials: Metals by : Preetha Balakrishnan

Fundamental Biomaterials: Metals provides current information on the development of metals and their conversion from base materials to medical devices. Chapters analyze the properties of metals and discuss a range of biomedical applications, with a focus on orthopedics. While the book will be of great use to researchers and professionals in the development stages of design for more appropriate target materials, it will also help medical researchers understand, and more effectively communicate, the requirements for a specific application. With the recent introduction of a number of interdisciplinary bio-related undergraduate and graduate programs, this book will be an appropriate reference volume for students. It represents the second volume in a three volume set, each of which reviews the most important and commonly used classes of biomaterials, providing comprehensive information on materials properties, behavior, biocompatibility and applications. - Provides current information on metals and their conversion from base materials to medical devices - Includes analyses of types of metals, discussion of a range of biomedical applications, and essential information on corrosion, degradation and wear and lifetime prediction of metal biomaterials - Explores both theoretical and practical aspects of metals in biomaterials

Plasma-Material Interactions in a Controlled Fusion Reactor

Plasma-Material Interactions in a Controlled Fusion Reactor
Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
Total Pages : 209
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9789811603280
ISBN-13 : 9811603286
Rating : 4/5 (80 Downloads)

Synopsis Plasma-Material Interactions in a Controlled Fusion Reactor by : Tetsuo Tanabe

This book is a primer on the interplay between plasma and materials in a fusion reactor, so-called plasma–materials interactions (PMIs), highlighting materials and their influence on plasma through PMI. It aims to demonstrate that a plasma-facing surface (PFS) responds actively to fusion plasma and that the clarifying nature of PFS is indispensable to understanding the influence of PFS on plasma. It describes the modern insight into PMI, namely, relevant feedback to plasma performance from plasma-facing material (PFM) on changes in a material surface by plasma power load by radiation and particles, contrary to a conventional view that unilateral influence from plasma on PFM is dominant in PMI. There are many books and reviews on PMI in the context of plasma physics, that is, how plasma or plasma confinement works in PMI. By contrast, this book features a materials aspect in PMI focusing on changes caused by heat and particle load from plasma: how PFMs are changed by plasma exposure and then, accordingly, how the changed PFM interacts with plasma.

OLED Fundamentals

OLED Fundamentals
Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
Total Pages : 474
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9781466515192
ISBN-13 : 1466515198
Rating : 4/5 (92 Downloads)

Synopsis OLED Fundamentals by : Daniel J. Gaspar

A Comprehensive Source for Taking on the Next Stage of OLED R&DOLED Fundamentals: Materials, Devices, and Processing of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes brings together key topics across the field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), from fundamental chemistry and physics to practical materials science and engineering aspects to design and ma

The Metallurgy of Anodizing Aluminum

The Metallurgy of Anodizing Aluminum
Author :
Publisher : Springer
Total Pages : 492
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9783319721774
ISBN-13 : 3319721771
Rating : 4/5 (74 Downloads)

Synopsis The Metallurgy of Anodizing Aluminum by : Jude Mary Runge

In this book, the history of the concepts critical to the discovery and development of aluminum, its alloys and the anodizing process are reviewed to provide a foundation for the challenges, achievements, and understanding of the complex relationship between the aluminum alloy and the reactions that occur during anodic oxidation. Empirical knowledge that has long sustained industrial anodizing is clarified by viewing the process as corrosion science, addressing each element of the anodizing circuit in terms of the Tafel Equation. This innovative approach enables a new level of understanding and engineering control for the mechanisms that occur as the oxide nucleates and grows, developing its characteristic highly ordered structure, which impact the practical function of the anodic aluminum oxide.