Electrochemistry plays an important role in preserving our cultural heritage. For the first time this has been documented in the present volume. Coverage includes both electrochemical processes such as corrosion and electroanalytical techniques allowing to analyse micro- and nanosamples from works of art or archaeological finds. While this volume is primarily aimed at electrochemists and analytical chemists, it also contains relevant information for conservators, restorers, and archaeologists.

Nanomaterials Characterization Techniques, Volume Two, part of an ongoing series, offers a detailed analysis of the different types of spectroscopic methods currently being used in nanocharacterization. These include, for example, the Raman spectroscopic method for the characterization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This book outlines the different kinds of spectroscopic tools being used for the characterization of nanomaterials and discusses under what conditions each should be used. The book is intended to cover all the major spectroscopic techniques for nanocharacterization, making it an important resource for both the academic community at the research level and the industrial community involved in nanomanufacturing. - Explores how spectroscopy and X-ray-based nanocharacterization techniques are applied in modern industry - Analyzes all the major spectroscopy and X-ray-based nanocharacterization techniques, allowing the reader to choose the best for their situation - Presents a method-orientated approach that explains how to successfully use each technique

Human heritage is an endless mine of knowledge, skills, ethos and accomplishments, which visualize and examine the power of human creativity and innovation throughout the history. The contributions cast an insight into the human psyche to perceive its Weltanschauung, and its way of thinking and making artefacts associated with knowledge, existence and identity in the context of other existing systems in the world. They demonstrate the diversity of topics as well as the state-of-the art of interdisciplinary approaches that participants of the Humboldt-Kolleg use in their research on cultural heritage, and confirm, once again, that the strengths of the Alexander von Humboldt Network should be celebrated and honoured. The present volume invites us to seek more novel research approaches that aim towards an understanding of the complex nature of human inheritance.

This monograph overviews the importance of electrochemistry in the field of cultural heritage, including archaeology, conservation and restoration topics. The application of electrochemical techniques in these domains have experienced a notable growth during the last ten years, in particular with regards to the elucidation of composition, manufacturing techniques and chronology of archaeological artefacts. This book describes the application of solid state electrochemistry techniques for the use of samples at the nanogram level from paintings, metallic, ceramic, glass, glazed, wooden, and other objects, and it also includes the description of new dating procedures for archaeological objects made of these materials. It is a valuable contribution to the field of cultural heritage and will be of great interest to archaeologists, conservators and restorers as well as to physicists and chemists working on the scientific examination of works of art.

Scientific techniques developed in materials science offer invaluable information to archaeology, art history, and conservation. A rapidly growing number of innovative methods, as well as many established techniques, are constantly being improved and optimised for the analysis of cultural heritage materials. The result is that on the one hand more complex problems and questions can be confronted, but on the other hand the required level of technical competence is widening the existing cultural gap between scientists and end users, such as archaeologists, museum curators, art historians, and many managers of cultural heritage who have a purely humanistic background. The book is intended as an entry-level introduction to the methods and rationales of scientific investigation of cultural heritage materials, with emphasis placed on the analytical strategies, modes of operation, and resulting information rather than on technicalities. The extensive and updated reference list should be a useful starting point for further reading. Students and researchers from the humanities approaching scientific investigations should find it useful, as well as scientists applying familiar techniques and methods to unfamiliar problems related to cultural heritage.

The conservation of metallic archaeological and historic artefacts is a major challenge whether they are ancient bronzes or relics of our more recent industrial past. Based on the work of Working Party 21 Corrosion of Archaeological and Historical Artefacts within the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC), this important book summarises key recent research on analytical techniques, understanding corrosion processes and preventing the corrosion of cultural heritage metallic artefacts.After an introductory part on some of the key issues in this area, part two reviews the range of analytical techniques for measuring and analysing corrosion processes, including time resolved spectroelectrochemistry, voltammetry and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Part three reviews different types of corrosion processes for a range of artefacts, whilst part four discusses on-site monitoring techniques. The final part of the book summaries a range of conservation techniques and strategies to conserve cultural heritage metallic artefacts.Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts is an important reference for all those involved in archaeology and conservation, including governments, museums as well as those undertaking research in archaeology and corrosion science. - Summarises key research on analytical techniques for measuring and analysing corrosion processes - Provides detailed understanding of corrosion processes and corrosion prevention - Discusses on-site monitoring techniques

Electrochemistry of Porous Materials describes essential theoretical aspects of the electrochemistry of nanostructured materials and primary applications, incorporating the advances in the field in the last ten years including recent theoretical formulations and the incorporation of novel materials. Concentrating on nanostructured micro- and mesoporous materials, the highly anticipated Second Edition offers a more focused and practical analysis of key porous materials considered relatively homogeneous from an electrochemical point of view. The author details the use of electrochemical methods in materials science for characterization and their applications in the fields of analysis, energy production and storage, environmental remediation, and the biomedical arena. Additional features include: Incorporates new theoretical advances in the voltammetry of porous materials and multiphase porous electrochemistry. Includes new developments in sensing, energy production and storage, degradation of pollutants, desalination and drug release. Describes redox processes for different porous materials, assessing their electrochemical applications. Written at an accessible and understandable level for researchers and graduate students working in the field of material chemistry. Selective and streamlined, Electrochemistry of Porous Materials, Second Edition culls a wide range of relevant and practically useful material from the extensive literature on the subject, making it an invaluable reference for readers of all levels of understanding.

This chapter discusses the application of the voltammetry of microparticles, a solid-state electrochemical technique, to the field of corrosion of archaeological metal. Identification of metals and alloys, identification, mapping and layer-by-layer analysis of corrosion products on metal surfaces using this technique are described. Applications include quantification of components of alloys and corrosion layers, and evaluation of metal conservation and the kinetics of long-term corrosion processes. Specific applications in archaeometry, conservation and restoration include authentication and dating.

Analytical Archaeometry describes this interesting and challenging field of research - on the border between natural sciences (chemistry, spectroscopy, biology, geology) and humanities (archaeology, (art-)history, conservation sciences). It fills the gap between these two areas whilst focussing on the analytical aspects of this research field. The first part of the book studies the main analytical techniques used in this research field. The second part expands from the different types of materials usually encountered, and the final part is organised around a series of typical research questions. The book is not only focussed on archaeological materials, but is also accessible to a broader lay audience. Overall the book is clearly structured and gives insight into different approaches to the study of analytical providing extensive discussion on a wide range of techniques, materials, questions and applications. Due to the advances in analytical instrumentation and applications in this field, it is important to have all this information merged together. Academics as well as professionals in archaeology, art history, museum labs and conservation science will find this an invaluable reference source ensuring the reader is provided with the latest progress in this research field.

'Industrial, medical and environmental applications of microorganisms' offers an excellent opportunity to learn about new insights, methods, techniques and advances in applied microbiology. It is useful not only for those traditionally involved in this research area but for everyone that needs to keep up with this diverse discipline. The articles are written by researchers from around the world and focus on seven themes: - Environmental microbiology -Agriculture, soil and forest microbiology -Food microbiology -Industrial microbiology - Medical microbiology -Biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins - Methods and techniques - education This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the V International Conference on Environmental Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2013), held in Madrid, Spain, in October 2013.