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This text provides a background view of the object approach, related geometric aspects, the different level of data modelling and the role of geo-information theory. The rest of the book builds upon these concepts describing the applicability of broader aspects such as topology, thematic object classes and class hierarchies, object aggregation and generalization and uncertainty.

Developments in technologies have evolved in a much wider use of technology throughout science, government, and business; resulting in the expansion of geographic information systems. GIS is the academic study and practice of presenting geographical data through a system designed to capture, store, analyze, and manage geographic information. Geographic Information Systems: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a collection of knowledge on the latest advancements and research of geographic information systems. This book aims to be useful for academics and practitioners involved in geographical data.

The Third International Symposium on Large Spatial Databases (SSD '93) was held at the National University of Singapore in June 1993. The previous meetings of the series were at Sanata Barbara (1989) and Zurich (1991). The meetings are planned as a forum for researchers and practitioners specializing in database theory for and advanced applications of Spatial Information Systems. This volume constitutes the proceedings of the symposium. It contains 25 selected papersand three keynotes papers: "Spatial data management in database systems: research directions" (W. Kim), "From extensible databases to interoperability between multiple databases and GIS applications" (H.-J. Schek), and "The SEQUOIA 2000 project" (M. Stonebraker). The selectedpapers are collected into sections on: data modeling, spatial indexing, indexing mechanisms, handling of raster and vector data, spatial database systems, topology, storage management, query retrieval,knowledge engineering in SDS, and 3-dimensional data handling.

Radiocarbon After Four Decades: An Interdisciplinary Perspective commemorates the 40th anniversary of radiocarbon dating. The volume presents discussions of every aspect of this dating technique, as well as chronicles of its development and views of future advancements and applications. All of the 64 authors played major roles in establishment, development or application of this revolutionary scientific tool. The 35 chapters provide a solid foundation in the essential topics of radiocarbon dating: Historical Perspectives; The Natural Carbon Cycle; Instrumentation and Sample Preparation; Hydrology; Old World Archaeology; New World Archaeology; Earth Sciences; and Biomedical Applications.

The International Workshop on Temporal Databases held in Zurich, Switzerland, 17-18 September 1995 brought together researchers from academic and industrial institutions with database practitioners interested in keeping up with the state-of-the-art developments in the management of temporal data. A previous workshop in Arlington, Texas in June 1993 focused on the development of an infrastructure that would spur the development of commercial implementations of many of the generally agreed-upon features of temporal database management that have emerged from the temporal database research community over more than a decade of research. This ARP AlNSF-sponsored Arlington workshop saw the formation of the TSQL2 Language Design Committee, which led to the development of the recently completed TSQL2 Language Specification, and also created a "consensus" glossary of temporal database terminology and a test suite of temporal database queries. The Zurich workshop was conceived from the outset to be universal in scope, and international in participation. The Call for Papers sought to evoke the highest quality and most up-to-date temporal database research from around the world. Mindful of the important work accomplished by the previous workshop, the Call also specifically sought out research papers and panels that would comment and build upon the widely publicized results from Arlington. These proceedings contain the papers that were selected for presentation at the International Workshop, on Temporal Databases held in Zurich, Switzerland on 17-18 September 1995.

Access, distribution and processing of Geographic Information (GI) are basic preconditions to support strategic environmental decision-making. The heterogeneity of information on the environment today available is driving a wide number of initiatives, on both sides of the Atlantic, all advocating both the strategic role of proper management and processing of environme- related data as well as the importance of harmonized IT infrastructures designed to better monitor and manage the environment. The extremely wide range of often multidimensional environmental information made available at the global scale poses a great challenge to technologists and scientists to find extremely sophisticated yet effective ways to provide access to relevant data patterns within such a vast and highly dynamic information flow. In the past years the domain of 3D scientific visualization has developed several solutions designed for operators requiring to access results of a simulation through the use of 3D visualization that could support the understanding of an evolving phenomenon. However 3D data visualization alone does not provide model and hypothesis-making neither it provide tools to validate results. In order overcome this shortcoming, in recent years scientists have developed a discipline that combines the benefits of data mining and information visualization, which is often referred to as Visual Analytics (VA).

This book reports on state-of-art research and applications in the field of databases and information systems. It includes both fourteen selected short contributions, presented at the East-European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems (ADBIS 2013, September 1-4, Genova, Italy), and twenty-six papers from ADBIS 2013 satellite events. The short contributions from the main conference are collected in the first part of the book, which covers a wide range of topics, like data management, similarity searches, spatio-temporal and social network data, data mining, data warehousing, and data management on novel architectures, such as graphics processing units, parallel database management systems, cloud and MapReduce environments. In contrast, the contributions from the satellite events are organized in five different parts, according to their respective ADBIS satellite event: BiDaTA 2013 - Special Session on Big Data: New Trends and Applications); GID 2013 – The Second International Workshop on GPUs in Databases; OAIS 2013 – The Second International Workshop on Ontologies Meet Advanced Information Systems; SoBI 2013 – The First International Workshop on Social Business Intelligence: Integrating Social Content in Decision Making; and last but not least, the Doctoral Consortium, a forum for Ph.D. students. The book, which addresses academics and professionals alike, provides the readers with a comprehensive and timely overview of new trends in database and information systems research, and promotes new ideas and collaborations among the different research communities of the eastern European countries and the rest of the world.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Spatial and Temporal Databases, SSTD 2011, held in Minneapolis, USA, in August 2011. The 24 revised full papers presented together with one keynote, 8 short papers, and 8 demonstration papers, were thoroughly reviewed and selected from a total of 63 research submissions, 21 vision and challenges submissions and 16 demonstration submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on knowledge discovery; spatial networks; access methods; moving objects and sensor networks; multidimensional query processing; and temporal and streaming data.