Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.

This book offers a comprehensive synthesis of over 40 years of research on models in physical education to suggest Models-based Practice (MbP) as an innovative future approach to physical education. It lays out the ideal conditions for MbP to flourish by situating pedagogical models at the core of physical education programs and allowing space for local agency and the co-construction of practice. Starting from the premise that true MbP does not yet exist, the book makes a case for the term "pedagogical model" over alternatives such as curriculum model and instructional model, and explains how learners’ cognitive, social, affective and psychomotor needs should be organised in ways that are distinctive and unique to each model. It examines the core principles underpinning the pedagogical models that make up MbP, including pedagogical models as organising centres for program design and as design specifications for developing local programs. The book also explores how a common structure can be applied to analyse pedagogical models at macro, meso and micro levels of discourse. Having created a language through which to talk about pedagogical models and MbP, the book concludes by identifying the conditions - some existing and some aspirational - under which MbP can prosper in reforming physical education. An essential read for academics, doctoral and post-graduate students, and pre-service and in-service teachers, Models-based Practice in Physical Education is a vital point of reference for anyone who is interested in pedagogical models and wants to embrace this potential future of physical education.

Serves as a subject and author index to Health, physical education and recreation microform publications (MICROCARD GV-24)

Inclusive Physical Activity: A Lifetime of Opportunitiesprovides practitioners with practical strategies and hands-on applications for physical activity programming to include all people. In doing so, it bridges the gap between school-based and community-based programs to help people with differences in ability become and remain physically active throughout their lives. This book has many unique features in addition to the life-span approach. The authors use an ability-based, noncategorical approach that is on the cutting edge. In doing so, they maintain a program emphasis on performance and skill components rather than on labels and general disability guidelines. The authors recognize that knowledge of common conditions is necessary for safe program design and have therefore included this information in the appendix. This book prepares practitioners to do the following: -Become critical thinkers and problem solvers as they develop the knowledge and skills to provide meaningful, inclusive physical activity -Prepare and plan individualized physical activity programs for four major content areas: movement skills and sports, games design, health-related fitness, and adventure and outdoor recreation -Develop strategies and techniques to increase awareness of varying abilities, foster more positive attitudes of peers, and increase advocacy efforts aimed at inclusive physical activity -Overcome barriers associated with inclusive programming Throughout, the authors emphasize how to modify instruction and provide activity alternatives for differing abilities via their FAMME (functional approach to modifying movement experiences) model. This unique model provides a conceptual framework and a four-step process for accommodating all participants in physical activity. Assessment considerations across the life span are integrated in the planning process, and each skill component (such as eye-hand coordination, strength, attention span) is presented in chart form with information on influencing factors and a number of effective modifications to accommodate varied skill levels. Each chapter features the following reader-friendly sections: -Including All Individuals presents opening scenarios that set the stage for the topics in the chapter. -Did You Know? contains helpful facts and information. -Think Back is a list of reflection questions related to the opening scenario or to the previous text. -What Do You Think? contains reflective questions related to the chapter content. -What Would You Do? offers two sample scenarios at the end of each chapter detailing situations for readers to address. Part Iaddresses historical and sociological aspects of inclusive physical activity and the changing perspectives as they relate to individuals with differences in ability. Strategies to overcome barriers associated with inclusive programming are also discussed. Part IIfocuses on how, when, and why practitioners should make modifications in instructional settings. This section offers insight into effective collaborative partnerships, determination of programming focus and related assessment, and individualized program planning. Part IIIillustrates examples of inclusive practices as they relate to commonly implemented physical activities. This part focuses on modifying instruction and providing activity alternatives in four major content areas: movement skills and sports, games design, health-related fitness, and adventure and outdoor recreation. Among the appendixes is a Person-Related Factors Reference Guide that presents definitions of specific conditions, selected facts of the common conditions and general considerations and contraindications as they relate to physical activity participation. Inclusive Physical Activity: A Lifetime of Opportunitiesprogresses from understanding the profession and professional responsibilities to practical strategies for programming. This book is based on the philosophy that all people, with all their distinctive abilities and interests, can and should benefit from participation in physical activity. This involvement should be lifelong, empowering, and inclusive of the range of possible programs, settings, and activities available to everyone.