I wanted to compute 80th term of the Fibonacci series. I wrote the rampant recursive function, int fib(int n){ return (1==n || 2==n) ? 1 : fib(n-1) + fib(n-2); } and waited for the result. I wait… and wait… and wait… With an 8GB RAM and an Intel i5 CPU, why is it taking so long? I terminated the process and tried computing the 40th term. It took about a second. I put a check and was shocked to find that the above recursive function was called 204,668,309 times while computing the 40th term. More than 200 million times? Is it reporting function calls or scam of some government? The Dynamic Programming solution computes 100th Fibonacci term in less than fraction of a second, with a single function call, taking linear time and constant extra memory. A recursive solution, usually, neither pass all test cases in a coding competition, nor does it impress the interviewer in an interview of company like Google, Microsoft, etc. The most difficult questions asked in competitions and interviews, are from dynamic programming. This book takes Dynamic Programming head-on. It first explain the concepts with simple examples and then deep dives into complex DP problems.

Now in the 5th edition, Cracking the Coding Interview gives you the interview preparation you need to get the top software developer jobs. This book provides: 150 Programming Interview Questions and Solutions: From binary trees to binary search, this list of 150 questions includes the most common and most useful questions in data structures, algorithms, and knowledge based questions. 5 Algorithm Approaches: Stop being blind-sided by tough algorithm questions, and learn these five approaches to tackle the trickiest problems. Behind the Scenes of the interview processes at Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Facebook, Yahoo, and Apple: Learn what really goes on during your interview day and how decisions get made. Ten Mistakes Candidates Make -- And How to Avoid Them: Don't lose your dream job by making these common mistakes. Learn what many candidates do wrong, and how to avoid these issues. Steps to Prepare for Behavioral and Technical Questions: Stop meandering through an endless set of questions, while missing some of the most important preparation techniques. Follow these steps to more thoroughly prepare in less time.

Are you preparing for a programming interview? Would you like to work at one of the Internet giants, such as Google, Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft or Netflix? Are you looking for a software engineer position? Are you studying computer science or programming? Would you like to improve your programming skills? If the answer to any of these questions is yes, this book is for you! The book contains very detailed answers and explanations for the most common dynamic programming problems asked in programming interviews. The solutions consist of cleanly written code, with plenty of comments, accompanied by verbal explanations, hundreds of drawings, diagrams and detailed examples, to help you get a good understanding of even the toughest problems. The goal is for you to learn the patterns and principles needed to solve even dynamic programming problems that you have never seen before. Here is what you will get: A 180-page book presenting dynamic programming problems that are often asked in interviews. Multiple solutions for each problem, starting from simple but naive answers that are gradually improved until reaching the optimal solution. Plenty of detailed examples and walkthroughs, so that you can see right away how the solution works. 350+ drawings and diagrams which cater towards visual learners. Clear and detailed verbal explanations of how to approach the problems and how the code works. Analysis of time and space complexity. Discussion of other variants of the same problem, with solutions. Unit tests, including the reasoning behind choosing each one (edge case identification, performance evaluation etc.). Suggestions regarding what clarification questions you should ask, for each problem. Multiple solutions to the problems, where appropriate. General Python implementation tips. Wishing you the best of luck with your interviews!

This book is about coding interview questions from software and Internet companies. It covers five key factors which determine performance of candidates: (1) the basics of programming languages, data structures and algorithms, (2) approaches to writing code with high quality, (3) tips to solve difficult problems, (4) methods to optimize code, (5) soft skills required in interviews. The basics of languages, algorithms and data structures are discussed as well as questions that explore how to write robust solutions after breaking down problems into manageable pieces. It also includes examples to focus on modeling and creative problem solving. Interview questions from the most popular companies in the IT industry are taken as examples to illustrate the five factors above. Besides solutions, it contains detailed analysis, how interviewers evaluate solutions, as well as why they like or dislike them. The author makes clever use of the fact that interviewees will have limited time to program meaningful solutions which in turn, limits the options an interviewer has. So the author covers those bases. Readers will improve their interview performance after reading this book. It will be beneficial for them even after they get offers, because its topics, such as approaches to analyzing difficult problems, writing robust code and optimizing, are all essential for high-performing coders.

Dynamic Programming is a fundamental algorithmic technique which is behind solving some of the toughest computing problems.In this book, we have covered some Dynamic Programming problems which will give you the general idea of formulating a Dynamic Programming solution and some practice on applying it on a variety of problems.Some of the problems we have covered are: * Permutation coefficientThis is a basic problem but is significant in understanding the idea behind Dynamic Programming. We have used this problem to: * Present the two core ideas of Dynamic Programming to make the idea clear and help you understand what Dynamic Programming mean. * Show another approach which can same performance (in terms of time complexity) and understand how it is different from our Dynamic Programming approach* Longest Common SubstringThis is an important problem as we see how we can apply Dynamic Programming in string problems. In the process, we have demonstrated the core ideas of handling string data which helps in identifying the cases when Dynamic Programming is the most efficient approach.* XOR valueThis is another significant problem as we are applying Dynamic Programming on a Number Theory problem more specifically problem involving subset generation. The search space is exponential in size but with our efficient approach, we can search the entire data in polynomial time which is a significant improvement.This brings up a fundamental power of Dynamic Programming: Search exponential search space in polynomial time* K edgesIn line with our previous problems, in this problem, we have applied Dynamic Programming in a graph-based problem. This is a core problem as in this we learn that: * Dynamic Programming makes the solution super-efficient * Extending the Dynamic Programming solution using Divide and Conquer enables us to solve it more efficientlyThis problem shows a problem where Dynamic Programming is not the most efficient solution but is in the right path.We have covered other relevant solutions and ideas as well so that you have the complete idea of the problems and understand deeply the significance of Dynamic Programming in respect to the problems.This book has been carefully prepared and reviewed by Top programmers and Algorithmic researchers and members of OpenGenus. We would like to thank Aditya Chatterjee and Ue Kiao for their expertise in this domain and reviews from professors at The University of Tokyo and Tokyo Institute of Technology.Read this book now and ace your upcoming coding interview. This is a must read for everyone preparing for Coding Interviews at top companies.

Searching & sorting algorithms form the back bone of coding acumen of developers. This book comprehensively covers In-depth tutorial & analysis of all major algorithms and techniques used to search and sort across data structures. All major variations of each algorithm (e.g. Ternary, Jump, Exponential, Interpolation are variations of Binary search). 110 real coding interview questions as solved examples and unsolved problems. Case studies of implementation of searching and sorting in language libraries. Introduction to how questions are asked and expected to answer on online competitive coding and hiring platforms like hackerrank.com, codechef.com, etc. Introduction to data structures.

The real challenge of programming isn't learning a language's syntax—it's learning to creatively solve problems so you can build something great. In this one-of-a-kind text, author V. Anton Spraul breaks down the ways that programmers solve problems and teaches you what other introductory books often ignore: how to Think Like a Programmer. Each chapter tackles a single programming concept, like classes, pointers, and recursion, and open-ended exercises throughout challenge you to apply your knowledge. You'll also learn how to: –Split problems into discrete components to make them easier to solve –Make the most of code reuse with functions, classes, and libraries –Pick the perfect data structure for a particular job –Master more advanced programming tools like recursion and dynamic memory –Organize your thoughts and develop strategies to tackle particular types of problems Although the book's examples are written in C++, the creative problem-solving concepts they illustrate go beyond any particular language; in fact, they often reach outside the realm of computer science. As the most skillful programmers know, writing great code is a creative art—and the first step in creating your masterpiece is learning to Think Like a Programmer.

The core of EPI is a collection of over 300 problems with detailed solutions, including 100 figures, 250 tested programs, and 150 variants. The problems are representative of questions asked at the leading software companies. The book begins with a summary of the nontechnical aspects of interviewing, such as common mistakes, strategies for a great interview, perspectives from the other side of the table, tips on negotiating the best offer, and a guide to the best ways to use EPI. The technical core of EPI is a sequence of chapters on basic and advanced data structures, searching, sorting, broad algorithmic principles, concurrency, and system design. Each chapter consists of a brief review, followed by a broad and thought-provoking series of problems. We include a summary of data structure, algorithm, and problem solving patterns.

Ace technical interviews with smart preparation Programming Interviews Exposed is the programmer’s ideal first choice for technical interview preparation. Updated to reflect changing techniques and trends, this new fourth edition provides insider guidance on the unique interview process that today's programmers face. Online coding contests are being used to screen candidate pools of thousands, take-home projects have become commonplace, and employers are even evaluating a candidate's public code repositories at GitHub—and with competition becoming increasingly fierce, programmers need to shape themselves into the ideal candidate well in advance of the interview. This book doesn't just give you a collection of questions and answers, it walks you through the process of coming up with the solution so you learn the skills and techniques to shine on whatever problems you’re given. This edition combines a thoroughly revised basis in classic questions involving fundamental data structures and algorithms with problems and step-by-step procedures for new topics including probability, data science, statistics, and machine learning which will help you fully prepare for whatever comes your way. Learn what the interviewer needs to hear to move you forward in the process Adopt an effective approach to phone screens with non-technical recruiters Examine common interview problems and tests with expert explanations Be ready to demonstrate your skills verbally, in contests, on GitHub, and more Technical jobs require the skillset, but you won’t get hired unless you are able to effectively and efficiently demonstrate that skillset under pressure, in competition with hundreds of others with the same background. Programming Interviews Exposed teaches you the interview skills you need to stand out as the best applicant to help you get the job you want.

Explore a wide variety of popular interview questions and learn various techniques for breaking down tricky bits of code and algorithms into manageable chunks Key FeaturesDiscover over 200 coding interview problems and their solutions to help you secure a job as a Java developerWork on overcoming coding challenges faced in a wide array of topics such as time complexity, OOP, and recursionGet to grips with the nuances of writing good code with the help of step-by-step coding solutionsBook Description Java is one of the most sought-after programming languages in the job market, but cracking the coding interview in this challenging economy might not be easy. This comprehensive guide will help you to tackle various challenges faced in a coding job interview and avoid common interview mistakes, and will ultimately guide you toward landing your job as a Java developer. This book contains two crucial elements of coding interviews - a brief section that will take you through non-technical interview questions, while the more comprehensive part covers over 200 coding interview problems along with their hands-on solutions. This book will help you to develop skills in data structures and algorithms, which technical interviewers look for in a candidate, by solving various problems based on these topics covering a wide range of concepts such as arrays, strings, maps, linked lists, sorting, and searching. You'll find out how to approach a coding interview problem in a structured way that produces faster results. Toward the final chapters, you'll learn to solve tricky questions about concurrency, functional programming, and system scalability. By the end of this book, you'll have learned how to solve Java coding problems commonly used in interviews, and will have developed the confidence to secure your Java-centric dream job. What you will learnSolve the most popular Java coding problems efficientlyTackle challenging algorithms that will help you develop robust and fast logicPractice answering commonly asked non-technical interview questions that can make the difference between a pass and a failGet an overall picture of prospective employers' expectations from a Java developerSolve various concurrent programming, functional programming, and unit testing problemsWho this book is for This book is for students, programmers, and employees who want to be invited to and pass interviews given by top companies. The book assumes high school mathematics and basic programming knowledge.