A comprehensive approach to selecting and understanding drying equipment for chemical and mechanical engineers A detailed reference of interest for engineers and energy specialists working in the process industry field, Drying in the Process Industry investigates the current state of the art of today's industrial drying practices, examines the factors influencing drying's high costs in both equipment and energy consumption, and summarizes key elements for keeping drying operations under budget and performing at peak capacity safely while respecting the environment. Extensive coverage of dryer basics as well as essential procedures concerning the selection of industrial dryers—such as how to gather results of relevant laboratory measurements, carry out small-scale tests, and correctly size equipment—help to inform readers on criteria for generating scalable specifications that greatly assist buying decisions. Drying in the Process Industry: Takes a practical approach to drying equipment, from an author with four decades in the industry Describes a diverse array of drying equipment (convective, like flash, spray, fluid-bed, and rotary; contact, like paddle and steam; radiation) from an engineer's perspective Provides quick and ready access to drying technologies with references to more detailed literature Treats drying in the context of the entire production process True of all process facilities where drying plays an important role, such as those in the chemical, pharmaceutical, plastics, and food industries, the purchase of improper industrial drying equipment can significantly affect a manufacturer's economic bottom line. With the guidance offered in this book, engineers will be able to confidently choose industrial drying equipment that increases profits, runs efficiently, and optimally suits their needs.

Drying Atlas: Drying Kinetics and Quality of Agricultural Products provides, in a condensed and systematic way, specific insights on the drying-relevant properties and coefficients of over 40 agricultural products. It also presents information about the production methods that influence the drying process, the quality of the dried product, the official quality standards of the products, and the design principles and operating characteristics of drying systems that are widely used in the postharvest processing and food industry. Available books on drying technology mainly focus on drying theory and simulation of drying processes. This book offers systematic information on the impact of other important parameters, such as relative humidity, air flow rate, mechanical, thermal and chemical pre-treatment, and drying mode for specific products. It is a unique and valuable reference for scientists and engineers who want to focus on industrial drying applications and dryers, as well as graduate and post-graduate students in postharvest technology and drying. - Explores the production methods that influence the drying process and quality of the dried product - Outlines the official quality standards of the products, the design principles, and the operating characteristics of drying systems that are used in postharvest processing - Features 41 chapters that are (each for an agricultural product) presented in a condensed and systematic way

Drying is by far the most useful large scale operation method of keeping solid foods safe for long periods of time, and is of fundamental importance in most sectors of food processing. Drying operations need to be precisely controlled and optimized in order to produce a good quality product that has the highest level of nutrient retention and flavor whilst maintaining microbial safety. This volume provides an up to date account of all the major drying technologies employed in the food industry and their underlying scientific principles and effects. Various equipment designs are classified and described. The impact of drying on food properties is covered, and the micro-structural changes caused by the process are examined, highlighting their usefulness in process analysis and food design. Key methods for assessing food properties of dried products are described, and pre-concentration and drying control strategies are reviewed. Thermal hazards and fire/explosion detection and prevention for dryers are discussed in a dedicated chapter. Where appropriate, sample calculations are included for engineers and technologists to follow. The book is directed at food scientists and technologists in industry and research, food engineers and drying equipment manufacturers.

Still the Most Complete, Up-To-Date, and Reliable Reference in the FieldDrying is a highly energy-intensive operation and is encountered in nearly all industrial sectors. With rising energy costs and consumer demands for higher quality dried products, it is increasingly important to be aware of the latest developments in industrial drying technolog

With more than 12M tons of dairy powders produced each year at a global scale, the drying sector accounts to a large extent for the processing of milk and whey. It is generally considered that 40% of the dry matter collected overall ends up in a powder form. Moreover, nutritional dairy products presented in a dry form (eg, infant milk formulae) have grown quickly over the last decade, now accounting for a large share of the profit of the sector. Drying in the Dairy Industry: From Established Technologies to Advanced Innovations deals with the market of dairy powders issues, considering both final product and process as well as their interrelationships. It explains the different processing steps for the production of dairy powders including membrane, homogenisation, concentration and agglomeration processes. The book includes a presentation of the current technologies, the more recent development for each of them and their impact on the quality of the final powders. Lastly, one section is dedicated to recent innovations and methods directed to more sustainable processes, as well as latter developments at lab scale to go deeper in the understanding of the phenomena occurring during spray drying. Key Features: Presents state-of-the-art information on the production of a variety of different dairy powders Discusses the impact of processing parameters and drier design on the product quality such as protein denaturation and viability of probiotics Explains the impact of drying processes on the powder properties such as solubility, dispersibility, wettability, flowability, floodability, and hygroscopicity Covers the technology, modelling and control of the processing steps This book is a synthetic and complete reference work for researchers in academia and industry in order to encourage research and development and innovations in drying in the dairy industry.

This comprehensive summary of the state of the art and the ideas behind the reaction engineering approach (REA) to drying processes is an ideal resource for researchers, academics and industry practitioners. Starting with the formulation, modelling and applications of the lumped-REA, it goes on to detail the use of the REA to describe local evaporation and condensation, and its coupling with equations of conservation of heat and mass transfer, called the spatial-REA, to model non-equilibrium multiphase drying. Finally, it summarises other established drying models, discussing their features, limitations and comparisons with the REA. Application examples featured throughout help fine-tune the models and implement them for process design and the evaluation of existing drying processes and product quality during drying. Further uses of the principles of REA are demonstrated, including computational fluid dynamics-based modelling, and further expanded to model other simultaneous heat and mass transfer processes.

Drying is fundamental step in the maufacture of many foods. Although its primary function is to remove appropriate quantities of moisture it is, in many cases, also responsible for imparting the characteristic qualities that distinguish one product from another. This book provides a fundamental understanding of moisture transport in the drying of foods and of the physical and chemical changes that occur during drying. A comprehensive description and assessment of the different types of dryers available to the industry are given and factors effecting the operation, control and selection of dryers are described. The combination of practical information supported by relevant theory makes this an essential volume for industrial food engineers, those involved in equipment manufacture, process plant design and new product development in all food sectors where dried foods are used. It will also be of interest to academic researchers in this aspect of food engineering.

Spray drying is a mechanical process by which materials in liquid form can be converted into solid form such as powders. It is a rapid, continuous, cost-effective, reproducible and scalable process for producing dry powders from a fluid material by atomization through an atomizer into a hot drying gas medium, usually air. The Handbook on Spray Drying Applications for Food Industries deals with recent techniques adopted in spray drying systems for drying a vast array of food products, novel and emerging tools used for spray drying of antioxidant rich products, optimized conditions used for extraction and production of herbal powders by using spray drying techniques, and problems encountered during spray drying of acid and sugar rich foods and also various herbal powders. The book discusses the encapsulation of flavors by using the spray drying process providing a comparison with other encapsulation techniques. It reviews the retention of bioactive compounds and the effect of different parameters on bioactive compounds during spray drying of juice. Moreover, the book explains the effect of novel approaches of spray drying on nutrients. The book addresses strategies adopted for retention of nutrients and survival of probiotic bacteria during spray drying processing. It also identifies packaging material needed for enhanced product stability. The safety and quality aspects of manufacturing spray dried food products are discussed. Key Features: Describes the design of high performance spray drying systems Highlights the strategy adopted for maximizing the yield potential of various spray dried food products Discusses strategies adopted for retention of nutrients and survival of probiotic bacteria during spray drying process Contains charts, procedure flow sheets, tables, figures, photos, and a list of spray drying equipment suppliers This book will benefit entrepreneurs, food scientists, academicians and students by providing in-depth knowledge about spray drying of foods for quality retention and also for efficient consumer acceptability of finished products.

This long awaited second edition of a popular textbook has a simple and direct approach to the diversity and complexity of food processing. It explains the principles of operations and illustrates them by individual processes. The new edition has been enlarged to include sections on freezing, drying, psychrometry, and a completely new section on mechanical refrigeration. All the units have been converted to SI measure. Each chapter contains unworked examples to help the student gain a grasp of the subject, and although primarily intended for the student food technologist or process engineer, this book will also be useful to technical workers in the food industry

A comprehensive source of information about modern drying technologies that uniquely focus on the processing of pharmaceuticals and biologicals Drying technologies are an indispensable production step in the pharmaceutical industry and the knowledge of drying technologies and applications is absolutely essential for current drug product development. This book focuses on the application of various drying technologies to the processing of pharmaceuticals and biologicals. It offers a complete overview of innovative as well as standard drying technologies, and addresses the issues of why drying is required and what the critical considerations are for implementing this process operation during drug product development. Drying Technologies for Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Applications discusses the state-of-the-art of established drying technologies like freeze- and spray- drying and highlights limitations that need to be overcome to achieve the future state of pharmaceutical manufacturing. The book also describes promising next generation drying technologies, which are currently used in fields outside of pharmaceuticals, and how they can be implemented and adapted for future use in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, it deals with the generation of synergistic effects (e.g. by applying process analytical technology) and provides an outlook toward future developments. -Presents a full technical overview of well established standard drying methods alongside various other drying technologies, possible improvements, limitations, synergies, and future directions -Outlines different drying technologies from an application-oriented point of view and with consideration of real world challenges in the field of drug product development -Edited by renowned experts from the pharmaceutical industry and assembled by leading experts from industry and academia Drying Technologies for Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Applications is an important book for pharma engineers, process engineers, chemical engineers, and others who work in related industries.